Congressional Research Service Reports May 2015

2010 Census: Count Question Resolution Program
December 7, 2012 R42092
Williams, Jennifer D.

501©(3) Organizations: What Qualifies As Educational
August 21, 2012 R42673

Perspectives on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (SSCI) “Torture Report” and Enhanced Interrogation Techniques: In Brief
April 15, 2002 R43906"
Miles, Anne Daugherty

A Shift in the International Security Environment: Potential Implications for Defense—Issues for Congress
October 24, 1989 R43838
O’Rourke, Ronald

Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing (ATVM) Loan Program: Status and Issues
January 6, 2012 R42064
Canis, Bill; et al.

Agricultural Conservation And The Next Farm Bill
January 17, 2012 R42093

Agriculture And Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations
July 12, 2012 R42596
Monke, Jim

Algae’s Potential As A Transportation Biofuel
April 1, 2013 R42122
Bracmort, Kelsi

Alternative Fuel And Advanced Vehicle Technology Incentives: A Summary Of Federal Programs
January 10, 2013 R42566
Cunningham, Lynn J; et al.

Amazon Laws And Taxation Of Internet Sales: Constitutional Analysis
November 28, 2014 R42629
Lunder, Erika A.; Pettit, Carol A.

America COMPETES Acts: FY2008-FY2013 Funding Tables
October 31, 2014 R42779
Gonzalez, Heather B.

America Competes 2010 And The FY2013 Budget
October 9, 2012 R42430
Gonzalez, Heather B.

American Opportunity Tax Credit: Overview, Analysis, and Policy Options
July 28, 2014 R42561
Crandall-Hollick, Margot L.

Analysis Of Charitable Giving And Donor Advised Funds
July 11, 2012 R42595
Sherlock, Molly F.; Gravelle, Jane G.

Analysis Of Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs) In The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS)
July 22, 2013 R42824
Yacobucci, Brent D.

Analysis Of Stem Education Funding At The NSF: Trends And Policy Discussion
December 12, 2012 R42470
Gonzalez, Heather B.

Anthem Data Breach: How Safe Is Health Information Under HIPAA
January 6, 2012 R42638
Redhead, C. Stephen; Murray, Justin

Appropriations: CRS Experts
July 31, 2012 R42638
Lake, Jennifer E.; Murray, Justin

Article V Convention for Proposing Constitutional Amendments: Historical Perspectives for Congress
October 22, 2012 R42592
Neale, Thomas H.

Article V Convention to Propose Constitutional Amendments: Contemporary Issues for Congress
April 11, 2014 R42589
Neale, Thomas H.

Attack against the U.S. Ambassador to South Korea
March 10, 2015 IN10243
Manyin, Mark E.; et al.

Authorization Of Appropriations: Procedural And Legal Issues
September 9, 2014 R42098
Tollestrup, Jessica; Yeh, Brian T.

Automobile And Truck Fuel Economy (cafe) And Greenhouse Gas Standards
September 11, 2012 R42721
Yacobucci, Brent D.; et al.

Balancing Tourism Against Terrorism: The Visa Waiver Program
March 13, 2015 IN10246
Platzer, Michaela D.; et al.

Bee Health: The Role Of Pesticides
December 11, 2012 R42855
Schierow, Linda-Jo; et al.

Brief Overview Of Actions Takens By The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (cfpb) In Its First Year
August 29, 2012 R42615
Hoskins, Sean M.

Budget Control Act of 2011: Budgetary Effects of Proposals to Replace The FY2013 Sequester
November 9, 2012 R42675
Levit, Mindy R.

Budget Control Act of 2011: The Effects on Spending and the Budget Deficit WhentThe Automatic Spending Cuts Are Implemented
May 4, 2012 R42506
Levit, Mindy R.; et al.

Budget Issues Shaping A Farm Bill In 2013
October 21, 2013 R42484
Monke, Jim

Budget Process Reform: Proposals And Legislative Actions In 2012
March 2, 2012 R42383
Lynch, Megan Suzanne

Budgetary Treatment Of Federal Credit (direct Loans And Loan Guarantees): Concepts, History, And Issues For The 112th Congress
July 27, 2012 R42632
Bickley, James M.

Bureau of Prisons (BOP): Operations and Budget
March 4, 2014 R42486
James, Nathan

Canadian Oil Sands: Life-cycle Assessments Of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
March 10, 2014 R42537
Lattanzio, Richard K.

Carbon Capture And Sequestration (CCS): A Primer
July 16, 2013 R42532
Folger, Peter

Carbon Capture And Sequestration: Research, Development, And Demonstration At The U.S. Department Of Energy
February 10, 2014 R42496
Folger, Peter

Carbon Tax: Deficit Reduction And Other Considerations
September 17, 2012 R42731
Ramseur, Jonathan L.; et al.

Career And Technical Education (CTE): A Primer
February 10, 2014 R42748
Dortch, Cassandria

Carl D. Perkins Career And Technical Education Act Of 2006: Background And Performance
December 5, 2012 R42863
Dortch, Cassandria

Carl D. Perkins Career And Technical Education Act Of 2006: Implementation Issues
December 14, 2012 R42858
Dortch, Cassandria

Challenge Of Individual Income Tax Reform: An Economic Analysis Of Tax Base Broadening
March 22, 2012 R42435
Gravelle, Jane G.; Hungerford, Thomas L.

Changes To The Government Performance And Results Act (GPRA): Overview Of The New Framework Of Products And Processes
February 29, 2012 R42379
Brass, Clinton T.

Changes To The Residential Mortgage Market: Legislation, Demographics, And Other Drivers
April 16, 2013 R42571
Weiss, N. Eric

Child Welfare: Health Care Needs Of Children In Foster Care And Related Federal Issues
November 19, 2014 R42378
Stoltzfus, Emilie; et al.

Civilian Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act: Federal Contractor Criminal Liability Overseas
February 15, 2012 R42358
Doyle, Charles

Clean Energy Standard: Summary And Analysis Of S.2146
May 9, 2012 R42522
Brown, Phillip

Clean Water Act And Pollutant Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs)
September 21, 2012 R42752
Copeland, Claudia

Climate Change And Existing Law: A Survey Of Legal Issues Past, Present, And Future
August 20, 2014 R42613
Meltz, Robert

Commerce, Justice, Science, And Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations
March 26, 2012 R42440
James, Nathan; et al.

Community Development Financial Institutions (cdfi) Fund: Programs And Policy Issues
October 3, 2012 R42770
Lowry, Sean

Comparing Compensation For Federal And Private-sector Workers: An Overview
July 30, 2012 R42636
Bradley, David H.

Conference Committee and Related Procedures: An Introduction
March 9, 2015 96-708
Rybicki, Elizabeth

Confirmation Of U.S. Circuit And District Court Nominations In Presidential Election Years
July 12, 2012 R42600
Rutkus, Denis Steven; McMillion, Barry J.

Congressional Appropriations Process: An Introduction
November 14, 2014 R42388
Tollestrup, Jessica

Congressional Disapproval of District of Columbia Acts Under the Home Rule Act
January 6, 2012 IN10249
Davis, Christopher M.

Congressional Investigations Of The Department Of Justice, 1920-2012: History, Law, And Practice
November 5, 2012 R42811
Dolan, Alissa M.; Garvey, Todd

Congressional Oversight Of Agency Public Communications: Implications Of Agency New Media Use
March 14, 2012 R42406
Kosar, Kevin R.

Congressional Participation In Article III Courts: Standing To Sue
September 4, 2014 R42454
Dolan, Alissa M.; Garvey, Todd

Congressional Redistricting And The Voting Rights Act: A Legal Overview
February 24, 2014 R42482
Whitaker, L. Paige

Congressional Redistricting: An Overview
November 21, 2012 R42831
Crocker, Royce

Conservation Compliance And U.S. Farm Policy
April 2, 2012 R42459
Stubbs, Megan

Constitutional Analysis of Suspicionless Drug Testing Requirements for the Receipt of Governmental Benefits
January 29, 2014 R42326
Carpenter, David H.

Constitutionality of Retroactive Tax Legislation
October 25, 2012 R42791
Lunder, Erika K.; et al.

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB): A Legal Analysis
January 14, 2014 R42572
Carpenter, David H.

Contemporary Developments in Presidential Elections
October 18, 2012 R42139
Coleman, Kevin J.; et al.

Continuing Resolutions: Overview of Components and Recent Practices
August 6, 2012 R42647
Tollestrup, Jessica

Controlling Air Emissions from Outer Continental Shelf Sources: A Comparison of Two Programs—EPA and DOI
November 26, 2012 R42123
Ramseur, Jonathan L.

Corporate Income Tax System: Overview and Options for Reform
December 1, 2014 R42726
Keightley, Mark P.; Sherlck, Molly F.

Cuba: Issues for the 114th Congress
February 27, 2015 R43926
Sullivan, Mark P.

Cybercrime: Conceptual Issues for Congress and U.S. Law Enforcement
January 9, 2013 R42547
Finklea, Kristin M.; Theohary, Catherine A.

Cybersecurity and Information Sharing: Legal Challenges and Solutions
March 16, 2015 R43941
Nolan, Andrew

Cybersecurity: Authoritative Reports and Resources, by Topic
October 14, 2014 R42507
Tehan, Rita

Cybersecurity: Cyber Crime Protection Security Act (S.2111) — A Legal Analysis
January 28, 2013 R42403
Doyle, Charles

Cybersecurity: Selected Legal Issues
April 17, 2013 R42409
Liu, Edward C.; et al.

Data Security Breach Notification Laws
April 10, 2012 R42475
Stevens, Gina

Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Highlighted Activities
February 23, 2012 R42371
Ramseur, Jonathan L.

Deficient Bridge Count Drops Again
January 6, 2012 IN10241
Mallett, William J.

Definitions of “Inherently Governmental Function” in Federal Procurement Law and Guidance
January 6, 2012 R42325
Manuel, Kate M.

Delphi Corporation: Pension Plans and Bankruptcy
January 30, 2013 R42076
Topoleski, John J.

Department of the Interior (DOI) Reorganization of Ocean Energy Programs
July 11, 2012 R42599
Hagerty, Curry L.

Development of High Speed Rail in the United States: Issues and Recent Events
December 20, 2013 R42584
Peterman, David Randall; et al.

Disposal of Unneeded Federal Buildings: Legislative Proposals in the 112th Congress
August 6, 2012 R42646
Hatch, Garrett

Domestic Content Legislation: The Buy American Act and Complementary Little Buy American Provisions
April 25, 2012 R42501
Luckey, John R.

Domestic Food Assistance: Summary of Programs
January 27, 2014 R42353
Aussenberg, Randy Alison; Colello, Kirsten J.

Drug Testing and Crime-Related Restrictions in TANF, Snap, and Housing Assistance
September 17, 2013 R42394
McCarty, Maggie; et al.

EMV Chip Card Transition: Background, Status, and Issues for Congress
February 26, 2015 R43925
Figliola, Patricia Moloney

EPA’s Proposed Clean Power Plan: Conversion to Mass-Based Emission Targets
March 17, 2015 R43942
Ramseur, Jonathan L.

EPA’s Proposed Vessel General Permits: Background and Issues
June 18, 2012 R42142
Copeland, Claudia

Economic Analysis of Large-Scale Mortgage Refinancing Proposals: A Brief Overview of S. 3522 and S. 3085
September 11, 2012 R42577
Hoskins, Sean M.

Email Privacy: District Court Rules That Ecpa Warrants Apply to Electronic Communications Stored Overseas
January 6, 2012 overseas
Cole, Jared P.

Emergency Assistance for Agricultural Land Rehabilitation
December 11, 2012 R42854
Stubbs, Megan

Emergency Unemployment Compensation (EUC08): Status of Benefits Prior to Expiration
August 11, 2014 R42444
Isaacs, Katelin P.; Whittaker, Julie M.

Employment for Veterans: Trends and Programs
February 20, 2014 R42790
Collins, Benjamin; et al.

Energy Policy: 113th Congress Issues
September 18, 2014 R42756
Yacobucci, Brent D.

Energy Storage for Power Grids and Electric Transportation: A Technology Assessment
March 27, 2012 R42455
Parfomak, Paul W.

Energy and Water Development: FY2013 Appropriations
April 25, 2013 R42498
Behrens, Carl E.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Appropriations For FY2013
September 6, 2012 R42520
Esworthy, Robert; et al.

European Capital Markets Union
March 11, 2015 IN10245
Jackson, James K.

European Security, Islamist Terrorism, and Returning Fighters
March 16, 2015 IN10209
Archick, Kristin; Belkin, Paul

Examination of Federal Disaster Relief under the Budget Control Act
November 8, 2013 R42352
Lindsay, Bruce R.; et al.

Executive Budget Process: An Overview
July 27, 2012 R42633
Christensen, Michelle D.

Expiration and Extension of the 2008 Farm Bill
December 16, 2013 R42442
Monke, Jim; et al.

Export Clause: Limitation on Congress’s Taxing Power
October 18, 2012 R42780
Lunder, Erika K.

Export-Import Bank: Background and Legislative Issues
April 3, 2012 R42472
Ilias, Shayerah

FDA Medical Device User Fee Program
June 25, 2012 R42508
Johnson, Judith A.

FDA Regulation of Medical Devices
June 25, 2012 R42130
Johnson, Judith A.

FHA Single-family Mortgage Insurance Program: Financial Status and Related Current Issues
December 21, 2012 R42875
Jones, Katie

FY2013 Appropriations: District of Columbia
August 10, 2012 R42657
Boyd, Eugene

FY2013 Budget Documents: Internet and GPO Availability
April 2, 2012 R42384
Nagel, Jared Conrad

FY2013 Continuing Resolution: Analysis of Components and Congressional Action
October 17, 2012 R42782
Tollestrup, Jessica

FY2013 Supplemental Funding for Disaster Relief
February 19, 2013 R42869
Painter, William L.; et al.

Failure to Register as a Sex Offender: A Legal Analysis of 18 U.S.C. 2250
July 25, 2013 R42692
Doyle, Charles

Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA): An Overview
June 4, 2013 R42713
Mayer, Gerald; et al.

Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA): An Overview
September 28, 2012 R42758
Mayer, Gerald

Fannie Mae’s and Freddie Mac’s Financial Status: Frequently Asked Questions
August 13, 2013 R42760
Weiss, N. Eric

Farm Safety Net Provisions in a 2013 Farm Bill: S. 954 and H.R. 2642
July 24, 2013 R42759
Shields, Dennis A.; Schnepf, Randy

Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR): Answers to Frequently Asked Questions
November 16, 2012 R42826
Manuel, Kate M.; et al.

Federal Aid to Roads and Highways since the 18th Century: A Legislative History
January 6, 2012 R42140
Williamson, John

Federal Benefits and the Same-Sex Partners of Federal Employees
February 28, 2013 R42873
Ginsberg, Wendy; Topoleski, John J.

Federal Budget: Issues for FY2013 and Beyond
May 1, 2012 R42362
Levit, Mindy R.

Federal Budget: Overview and Issues for FY2016 and Beyond
March 6, 2015 R43933
Levit, Mindy R.

Federal Capital Offenses: An Overview of Substantive and Procedural Law
November 18, 2014 R42095
Doyle, Charles

Federal Civil Aviation Programs: In Brief
December 16, 2013 R42781
Elias, Bart

Federal Contracting and Subcontracting with Small Businesses: Issues in the 112th Congress
January 24, 2013 R42390
Manuel, Kate M.; Lunder, Erika K.

Federal Depository Library Program: Issues for Congress
March 29, 2012 R42457
Petersen, R. Eric; et al.

Federal Employees’ Compensation Act (FECA): Workers’ Compensation for Federal Employees
June 4, 2013 R42107
Szymendera, Scott

Federal Freight Policy: In Brief
December 16, 2013 R42764
Frittelli, John

Federal Grants to State and Local Governments: A Historical Perspective on Contemporary Issues
January 6, 2012 R40638
Dilger, Robert Jay

Federal Grants-in-Aid Administration: A Primer
October 3, 2012 R42769
Keegan, Natalie

Federal Health Centers
December 24, 2013 R42433
Heisler, Elayne J.

Federal Involvement in Sex Offender Registration and Notification: Overview and Issues for Congress, in Brief
January 6, 2012 R43954
Sacco, Lisa N.

Federal Labor Relations Statutes: An Overview
November 26, 2012 R42526
Hegji, Alexandra

Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data
February 8, 2012 R42346
Gorte, Ross W.; et al.

Federal Programs Related to Indoor Pollution by Chemicals
July 23, 2012 R42620
Schierow, Linda-Jo; et al.

Federal Public Transportation Program: In Brief
December 2, 2013 R42706
Mallett, William J.

Federal Regulation of Chemicals in Commerce: An Overview of Issues for the 113th Congress
May 30, 2013 R42879
Schierow, Linda-Jo

Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2013
December 5, 2013 R42410
Sargent, John F. Jr.

Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2016
March 18, 2015 R43944
Sargent, John F. Jr.

Federal Reserve: Oversight and Disclosure Issues
September 19, 2014 R42079
Labonte, Marc

Federal Tax Benefits for Manufacturing: Current Law, Legislative Proposals, and Issues for the 112th Congress
September 20, 2012 R42742
Guenther, Gary

Federal-Aid Highway Program (FAHP): In Brief
December 16, 2013 R42793
Kirk, Robert S.

Financial Performance of the Major Oil Companies, 2007-2011
February 17, 2012 R42364
Pirog, Robert

Financial Services and General Government: A Summary of the President’s FY2013 Budget Request
April 10, 2012 R42476
Hatch, Garrett

Financial Services and General Government: FY2013 Appropriations
September 14, 2012 R42730
Hatch, Garrett

Financial Stability Oversight Council: A Framework to Mitigate Systemic Risk
May 21, 2013 R42083
Murphy, Edward V.

Fiscal Cliff and the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012
January 4, 2012 R42884
Levit, Mindy R.; et al.

Fiscal Cliff: Macroeconomic Consequences of Tax Increases and Spending Cuts
January 9, 2013 R42700
Gravelle, Jane G.

Fish and Wildlife Service: FY2013 Appropriations And Policy
July 12, 2012 R42466
Corn, M. Lynne

Foreign Heads of State Addressing Congress
January 6, 2012 IN10236
Straus, Jacob R.

Freedom of Information Act Legislation in the 114th Congress: Issue Summary and Side-by-Side Analysis
February 3, 2004 R43924
Richardson, Daniel J.; et al.

Funding and Financing Highways and Public Transportation
September 23, 2013 R42877
Kirk, Robert S.; et al.

GI Bills Enacted Prior to 2008 and Related Veterans’ Educational Assistance Programs: A Primer
October 22, 2012 R42785
Dortch, Cassandria

Genetic Testing: Background and Policy Issues
January 6, 2012 RL33832
Sarata, Amanda K.

Gifts to the President of the United States
August 16, 2012 R42662
Maskell, Jack

Global Access to Clean Drinking Water and Sanitation: U.S. and International Programs
September 10, 2012 R42717
Salaam-Blyther, Tiaji

Government Procurement in Times of Fiscal Uncertainty
April 9, 2012 R42469
Manuel, Kate M.; et al.

Growth in Health Spending Remained Relatively Low in 2013
January 6, 2012 IN10238
Rapaport, Carol

Guide to Describing the Income Distribution
January 6, 2012 R43897
Donovan, Sarah A.

Health Care for Veterans: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions
February 25, 2014 R42747
Panangala, Sidath Viranga; et al.

Health Care for Veterans: Traumatic Brain Injury
January 6, 2012 R40941
Bagalman, Erin

Health Insurance Exchanges under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)
January 31, 2013 R42663
Fernandez, Bernadette; et al.

Health Insurance Premium Credits in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2015
January 6, 2012 R43945
Fernandez, Bernadette

Highlights Of Three FY2013 Budget Proposals for the Human Resources “Superfunction”: Education, Training, Social Services, Health, Income Security, and Veterans
July 13, 2012 R42605
Spar, Karen; et al.

House Committee Funding: Process and Analysis of Disbursements
March 13, 2013 R42778
Glassman, Matthew Eric

Hunting, Fishing, Recreational Shooting, and Other Wildlife Measures: S. 3525
September 21, 2012 R42751
Corn, M. Lynne; et al.

Hurricane Sandy and the 2012 Election: Fact Sheet
November 8, 2012 R42808
Fischer, Eric A.; et al.

Hydraulic Fracturing and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA): Selected Issues
April 25, 2012 R42502
Murrill, Brandon J.

Hydraulic Fracturing: Chemical Disclosure Requirements
June 19, 2012 R42461
Murrill, Brandon J. ; et al.

Hydropower: Federal and Nonfederal Investment
January 22, 2013 R42579
Bracmort, Kelsi; et al.

IMF Reforms: Issues for Congress
March 11, 2014 R42844
Nelson, Rebecca M; et al.

Immigration Provisions of the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA)
May 15, 2012 R42477
Kandel, William A.

Immigration of Foreign Nationals with Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Degrees
November 26, 2012 R42530
Wasem, Ruth Ellen

Impact of the Federal Estate Tax on State Estate Taxes
October 24, 2012 R42788
Maguire, Steven

Improper Payments and Recovery Audits: Legislation, Implementation, and Analysis
October 18, 2013 R42878
Hatch, Garrett

Increased Campaign Contribution Limits in the FY2015 Omnibus Appropriations Law: Frequently Asked Questions
January 6, 2012 R43825
Garrett, R. Sam

Information Warfare: The Role of Social Media in Conflict
January 6, 2012 IN10240
Theohary, Catherine A.

Interest Rates on Subsidized Stafford Loans to Undergraduate Students
January 10, 2013 R42515
Smole, David P.

International Trade and Finance: Key Policy Issues for the 113th Congress, Second Session
January 23, 2014 R42882
Cooper, William H.

Internet Firearm and Ammunition Sales
August 28, 2012 R42687
Chu, Vivian S.

Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: Issues for Congress
November 26, 2014 R42351
Kruger, Lennard G.

Introduction to the Legislative Process in the U.S. Congress
November 30, 2012 R42843
Heitschusen, Valerie

Israel After the 2015 Elections: What Does Netanyahu’s Victory Mean for U.S. Policy
May 22, 2002 IN10251
Zanotti, Jim

Issues in International Trade Law: Restricting Exports of Electronic Waste
February 24, 2012 R42373
Barbour, Emily C.

JP Morgan Trading Losses: Implications for the Volcker Rule and Other Regulation
August 16, 2012 R42665
Shorter, Gary; et al.

Judgment Fund: History, Administration, and Common Usage
March 7, 2013 R42835
Chu, Vivian S.; et al.

Klamath Basin Settlement Agreements
September 9, 2014 R42158
Stern, Charles V.; et al.

Labor, Health And Human Services, And Education: FY2013 Appropriations Overview
March 8, 2013 R42588
Lynch, Karen E.; et al.

Lacey Act: Compliance Issues Related to Importing Plants and Plant Products
July 24, 2012 R42119
Sheikh, Pervaze A.

Lacey Act: Protecting the Environment by Restricting Trade
January 14, 2014 R42067
Alexander, Kristina

Laws Affecting the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program (FEHBP)
February 18, 2014 R42741
Mach, Annie L.; et al.

Lean Finely Textured Beef: The Pink Slime Controversy
April 6, 2012 R42473
Greene, Joel L.

Legal Issues Associated with the Proposed Keystone Xl Pipeline
January 23, 2012 R42124
Vann, Adam; et al.

Legislative Branch Agency Appointments: History, Processes, and Recent Proposals
June 12, 2013 R42072
Brudnick, Ida A.

Legislative Branch: FY2013 Appropriations
May 2, 2013 R42500
Brudnick, Ida A.

Legislative Options for Financing Water Infrastructure
April 3, 2012 R42467
Copeland, Claudia; et al.

Length of Time from Nomination to Confirmation for Uncontroversial U.S. Circuit and District Court Nominees: Detailed Analysis
September 18, 2012 R42732
McMillion, Barry J.

Letter in Defense of Butler From the Presidents of the National Academy of Sciences and Institute of Medicine
August 15, 2003 nas081503
Alberts, Bruce; et al.

Libor: Frequently Asked Questions
July 16, 2012 R42608
Murphy, Edward V.

Loan Guarantees for Clean Energy Technologies: Goals, Concerns, and Policy Options
January 17, 2012 R42152
Brown, Phillip

Locate an Agency or Program within Appropriations Bills
January 6, 2012 R40858
Murray, Justin

Major Disaster Assistance from the Disaster Relief Fund: State Profiles
February 7, 1989 R43883
Richardson, Daniel J.

Major Fiscal Issues Before Congress in FY2013
August 10, 2012 R42654
Levit, Mindy R.; et al.

Mandatory Minimum Sentencing: Federal Aggravated Identity Theft
October 22, 2013 R42100
Doyle, Charles

Many Aspects of the Affordable Care Act Would Not Be Affected by King v. Burwell
January 6, 2012 IN10239
Barry, Matthew B.

Mayo V. Prometheus: Implications for Patents, Biotechnology, and Personalized Medicine
November 6, 2012 R42815
Thomas, John R.

Measles: Background and Federal Role in Vaccine Policy
January 6, 2012 R43899
Barry, Matthew B.; Cole, Jared P.

Medicaid Disproportionate Share Hospital Payments
December 2, 2013 R42865
Mitchell, Alison

Medicaid Financing and Expenditures
July 30, 2012 R42640
Mitchell, Alison

Medicaid: An Overview
January 6, 2012 R43357
Mitchell, Alison; et al.

Medical Loss Ratio Requirements under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA): Issues for Congress
August 26, 2014 R42735
Kirchhoff, Suzanne M.

Medical Marijuana: The Supremacy Clause, Federalism, and the Interplay between State and Federal Laws
November 9, 2012 R42398
Garvey, Todd

Medigap: A Primer
September 19, 2012 R42745
Rapaport, Carol

Mf Global Bankruptcy, Missing Customer Funds, and Proposals for Reform
August 1, 2013 R42091
Miller, Rena S.

Midnight Rulemaking
July 18, 2012 R42612
Carey, Maeve P.

Moving to a Territorial Income Tax: Options and Challenges
July 25, 2012 R42624
Gravelle, Jane G.

NFIB v. Sebelius: Constitutionality of the Individual Mandate
September 3, 2012 R42698
Lunder, Erika K.; et al.

National Flood Insurance Program: Status and Remaining Issues for Congress
February 6, 2013 R42850
King, Rawle O.

National Labor Relations Act: Background and Selected Topics
September 7, 2012 R42703
Shimabukuro, Jon O.

National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA): An Overview of Programs and Funding
January 6, 2012 R43866
Moore, Linda K.

National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA): Issues for the 113th Congress
January 23, 2014 R42886
Moore, Linda K.

Natural Gas in the U.S. Economy: Opportunities for Growth
November 6, 2012 R42814
Pirog, Robert; et al.

Nigeria’s Boko Haram and the Islamic State
November 8, 2000 IN10242
Blachard, Lauren Ploch; et al.

Nominations to U.S. Circuit and District Courts by President Obama during rhe 111th and 112th Congresses
June 1, 2012 R42556
McMillion, Barry J.

North Korea: Back on the State Sponsors of Terrorism Lists
November 8, 2000 R43865
Manyin, Mark E.; et al.

Nuclear Energy: Overview of Congressional Issues
March 14, 2014 R42853
Holt, Mark

Number of African American Judges Reaches All-Time High; Do Issues Remain
January 6, 2012 IN10234
McMillion, Barry J.

Nutrition Labeling of Restaurant Menus
November 19, 2012 R42825
Corby-Edwards, Amalia K.

Obama Administration’s Proposal to Establish a National Network for Manufacturing Innovation
January 29, 2014 R42625
Sargent, John F. Jr.

Obama Administration’s Proposed AUMF against the Islamic State: Some Immediate Takeaways
October 24, 1989 aumf-take
Garcia, Michael John

Offices and Officials in the Senate: Roles and Duties
January 6, 2012 R43532
Brudnick, Ida A.

Offsets, Supplemental Appropriations, and the Disaster Relief Fund: FY1990-FY2012
December 4, 2012 R42458
Painter, William L.

Oil Sands and the Keystone Xl Pipeline: Background and Selected Environmental Issues
April 14, 2014 R42611
Ramseur, Jonathan L.; et al.

Oil Sands and the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund: The Definition of “Oil” and Related Issues for Congress
January 6, 2012 R43128
Ramseur, Jonathan L.

Oil and Natural Gas Industry Tax Issues in the FY2014 Budget Proposal
October 30, 2013 R42374
Pirog, Robert

Osc Rule Seemingly Expands Federal Contractor Whistleblower Rights
January 6, 2012 oscrule

Outside Employment, “Moonlighting,” by Federal Executive Branch Employees
December 12, 2012 R42857
Maskell, Jack

Overview and Comparison of Senate Proposals to Extend the “Bush Tax Cuts”: S. 3412 and S. 3413
July 25, 2012 R42622
Crandall-Hollick, Margot L.

Overview and Issues for Implementation of the Federal Cloud Computing Initiative: Implications for Federal Information Technology Reform Management
February 3, 2014 R42887
Figliola, Patricia Moloney; et al.

Overview of Tax Provisions Expiring in 2012
September 24, 2012 R42485
Crandall-Hollick, Margot L.

Overview of the Appeal Process for Veterans’ Claims
April 29, 2013 R42609
Shedd, Daniel T.

Overview of the Patent Trolls Debate
April 16, 2013 R42668
Yeh, Brian T.

Overview of the Transaction Account Guarantee (tag) Program and the Potential Impact Of Its Expiration Or Extension
November 27, 2012 R42787
Hoskins, Sean M.

Perspectives on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (SSCI) “Torture Report” and Enhanced Interrogation Techniques: In Brief
“April 15, 2002

Physician Practices: Background, Organization, And Market Consolidation
January 2, 2013 R42880
Kirchhoff, Suzanne M.

Political Ads: Issue Advocacy or Campaign Activity under the Tax Code
August 29, 2012 R42684
Lunder, Erika K.

Political Question Doctrine: Justiciability and the Separation of Powers
January 6, 2012 R43834
Cole, Jared P.

Positive Train Control (PTC): Overview and Policy Issues
July 30, 2012 R42637
Peters, Jeffrey C.; et al.

Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act Of 2008 (Post-9/11 Gi Bill): Primer and Issues
July 28, 2014 R42755
Dortch, Cassandria

Post-Employment, Revolving Door, Laws for Federal Personnel
January 7, 2014 R42728
Maskell, Jack

Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs
March 24, 2014 R42593
Finklea, Kristin; et al.

Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA): 2012 Reauthorization as Pdufa V
February 22, 2013 R42366
Thaul, Susan

President Obama’s January 4, 2012, Recess Appointments: Legal Issues
January 23, 2012 R42323
Carpenter, David H; et al.

President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR): Funding Issues after a Decade of Implementation, FY2004-FY2013
October 10, 2012 R42776
Salaam-Blyther, Tiaji

President’s FY2016 Budget: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Legislative Proposals
January 6, 2012 R43934
Mitchell, Alison; et al.

President’s Immigration Accountability Executive Action of November 20, 2014: Overview and Issues
February 7, 1989 R43852
Kandel, William A.; et al.

Presidential Nominating Process and the National Party Conventions, 2012: Frequently Asked Questions
June 12, 2012 R42533
Coleman, Kevin J.

Presidential Reorganization Authority: History, Recent Initiatives, and Options for Congress
December 11, 2012 R42852
Hogue, Henry B.

Presidential Review of Independent Regulatory Commission Rulemaking: Legal Issues
September 10, 2012 R42720
Chu, Vivian S.; et al.

Previewing the Next Farm Bill
February 15, 2012 R42357
Chite, Ralph M.

Private Health Insurance Market Reforms in the Affordable Care Act (ACA)
July 24, 2014 R42069
Mach, Annie L.; et al.

Proposals to Amend RCRA: Analysis of Pending Legislation Applicable to the Management of Coal Combustion Residuals
June 19, 2012 R42570
Luther, Linda

Proposals to Change Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation’s (PBGC) Premium Structure: Issues for Congress
May 9, 2012 R42521
Topoleski, John J.

Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act: An Overview of Limiting Tort Liability of Gun Manufacturers
December 20, 2012 R42871
Chu, Vivian S.

Public Health, Workforce, Quality, and Related Provisions in ACA: Summary and Timeline
January 6, 2012 R41278
Redhead, C. Stephen; et al.

Quadrennial Energy Review
January 6, 2012 IN10248
Ratner, Michael

Reallocation of Water Storage at Federal Water Projects for Municipal and Industrial Water Supply
October 31, 2012 R42805
Brougher, Cynthia; et al.

Receipt of Unemployment Insurance by Higher-Income Unemployed Workers (Millionaires)
June 11, 2014 R42643
Isaacs, Katelin P.; et al.

Recess Appointments Made by President Barack Obama
June 11, 2013 R42329
Hogue, Henry B.; et al.

Recipients of the Congressional Medal of Honor
January 6, 2012 cmoh

Reexamination of Agency Reporting Requirements: Annual Process under the GPRA Modernization Act of 2010 (GPRAMA)
May 29, 2013 R42490
Brass, Clinton T.

Representatives and Senators: Trends in Member Characteristics since 1945
February 17, 2012 R42365
Petersen, R. Eric

Research Tax Credit: Current Law and Policy Issues for the 114th Congress
January 6, 2012 RL31181
Guenther, Gary

Residential Energy Tax Credits: Overview and Analysis
March 18, 2014 R42089
Crandall-Hollick, Margot L.; et al.

Retrospective of House Rules Changes since the 110th Congress
June 4, 2014 R42395
Koempel, Michael L.; et al.

Right to Work Laws: Legislative Background and Empirical Research
December 6, 2012 R42575
Collins, Benjamin

Rising Gasoline Prices 2012
March 1, 2012 R42382
Nerurkar, Neelesh: et al.

Role of Local Food Systems in U.S. Farm Policy
March 12, 2013 R42155
Johnson, Renee; et al.

Rural Broadband: The Roles of the Rural Utilities Service and the Universal Service Fund
May 9, 2012 R42524
Gilroy, Angele A.; et al.

SBA New Markets Venture Capital Program
January 30, 2013 R42565
Dilger, Robert Jay

SBA Veterans Assistance Programs: An Analysis of Contemporary Issues
June 5, 2014 R42695
Dilger, Robert Jay; et al.

SEC Climate Change Disclosure Guidance: An Overview and Congressional Concerns
August 26, 2013 R42544
Shorter, Gary

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education: A Primer
August 1, 2012 R42642
Gonzalez, Heather B.; et al.

Scientific Basis of Environmental Protection Agency Actions: H.R. 1029 and H.R. 1030
January 6, 2012 IN10244
Yen, Jerry H.

Search and Seizure Cases in the October 2012 Term of the Supreme Court
September 4, 2012 R42697
Doyle, Charles

Securities Transactions Tax: Brief Analytic Overview with Revenue Estimates
June 1, 2012 R42078
Keightley, Mark P.

Selected Agency Budget Justifications for FY2013
March 30, 2012 R42453
Murray, Justin

Selected Federal Data Security Breach Legislation
April 9, 2012 R42474
Ruane, Kathleen Ann

Senate Agriculture Committee’s 2012 Farm Bill (S.3240): A Side-by-Side Comparison with Current Law
May 30, 2012 R42552
Chite, Ralph M.

Senate Committee Hearings: Witness Testimony
January 6, 2012 98-392
Heitshusen, Valerie

Senate Committee Rules in the 112th Congress: A Comparison of Key Provisions
February 17, 2012 R42361
Palmer, Betsy

Senate Rules Affecting Committees
January 6, 2012 98-311
Heitshusen, Valerie

Separating Power Series: Presidential Influence v. Control over Independent Agencies
January 6, 2012 presinf
Chu, Vivian S.; et al.

Sequestration: A Review of Estimates of Potential Job Losses
October 2, 2012 R42763
Levine, Linda

Seventh Summit of the Americas: In Brief
November 8, 2000 R43952
Meyer, Peter J.

Sex Trafficking: An Overview of Federal Criminal Law
June 9, 2014 R43597
Doyle, Charles

Smart Meter Data: Privacy and Cybersecurity
February 3, 2012 R42338
Murrill, Brandon J.; et al.

Sourcing Policy: Selected Developments and Issues
February 7, 2012 R42341
Halchin, L. Elaine

Speech or Debate Clause: Constitutional Background and Recent Developments
August 8, 2012 R42648
Dolan, Alissa M.; et al.

State Children’s Health Insurance Program: An Overview
January 6, 2012 R43627
Baumrucker, Evelyne P.; et al.

State Sponsors of Acts of International Terrorism—Legislative Parameters: In Brief
R43835
Rennack, Dianne E.

Stock Act, Insider Trading, and Public Financial Reporting by Federal Officials
April 18, 2013 R42495
Maskell, Jack

Strategic Petroleum Reserve: Authorization, Operation, and Drawdown Policy
June 18, 2012 R42460
Andrews, Anthony; et al.

Student Non-discrimination Act (SNDA): A Legal Analysis
June 20, 2013 R42652
Feder, Jody

Subsidy Cost Of Federal Credit: Cost to the Government Or Fair Value Cost
April 25, 2012 R42503
Bickley, James M.

Sugar Program Proposals for the 2012 Farm Bill
June 19, 2012 R42551
Jurenas, Remy

Suicide Prevention Efforts of the Veterans Health Administration
January 10, 2013 R42340
Bagalman, Erin

Surface Transportation Funding And Programs Under MAP-21: Moving ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (P.L. 112-141)
September 27, 2012 R42762
Kirk, Robert S.; et al.

Surface Transportation Reauthorization In The 112th Congress: Summary And Sources
March 7, 2012 R42350

Swiss National Bank’s Recent Currency Actions
January 6, 2012 IN10230
Jackson, James K.

Systemically Important or Too Big to Fail Financial Institutions
September 19, 2014 R42150
Labonte, Marc

TRIO Programs
September 10, 2012 R42724
Dortch, Cassandria

Table Egg Production and Hen Welfare: Agreement and Legislative Proposals
February 14, 2014 R42534
Greene, Joel L.; et al.

Tax Deductions For Individuals: A Summary
January 8, 2014 R42872
Lowry, Sean

Tax Gap, Tax Compliance, and Proposed Legislation in the 112th Congress
September 20, 2012 R42739
Bickley, James M.

Tax Provisions That Expired in 2014 (Tax Extenders)
January 6, 2012 R43898
Sherlock, Molly F.

Tax Provisions to Assist with Disaster Recovery
November 29, 2012 R42839
Lunder, Erika K.; et al.

Tax Rates and Economic Growth
January 2, 2014 R42111
Gravelle, Jane G.; et al.

Tax-Preferred College Savings Plans: An Introduction to 529 Plans
November 2, 2012 R42807
Crandall-Hollick, Margot L.

Taxes and the Economy: An Economic Analysis of the Top Tax Rates since 1945
September 14, 2012 R42729
Hungerford, Thomas L.

Taxes and the Economy: An Economic Analysis of the Top Tax Rates since 1945 (Updated)
December 12, 2012 (original version prior to withdrawal R42729
Hungerford, Thomas L.

Teacher Quality Issues in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act
December 10, 2012 R42127
Kuenzi, Jeffrey J.

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF): Welfare-to-Work Revisited
October 2, 2012 R42768
Falk, Gene

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families: Welfare Waivers
March 7, 2013 R42627
Falk, Gene

Terrorist Attack in Tunis: Implications
November 8, 2000 IN10250
Arieff, Alexis; et al.

Tolling of Interstate Highways: Issues in Brief
February 13, 2013 R42402
Kirk, Robert S.

Trade Adjustment Assistance Community College and Career Training Grants
August 15, 2012 R42661
Collins, Benjamin

Trade Reorganization: Overview and Issues for Congress
May 31, 2012 R42555
Ilias, Shayerah

Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD): FY2013 Appropriations
March 8, 2013 R42578
McCarty, Maggie; et al.

Tribal Criminal Jurisdiction over Non-Indians in the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) Reauthorization and the Save Native Women Act
May 15, 2012 R42488
Smith, Jane M.; et al.

U.S. Circuit and District Court Nominations during President Obama’s First Six Years (2009-2014): Comparative Analysis with Recent Presidents
March 9, 2015 R43931
McMillion, Barry J.

U.S. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production in Federal and Non-Federal Areas
April 10, 2014 R42432
Humphries, Marc

U.S. Foreign-Trade Zones: Background and Issues for Congress
November 12, 2013 R42686
Bolle, Mary Jane; et al.

U.S. Implementation of the Basel Capital Regulatory Framework
April 9, 2014 R42744
Getter, Darryl E.

U.S. Income Distribution and Mobility: Trends and International Comparisons
November 29, 2012 R42400
Levine, Linda

U.S. Manufacturing in International Perspective
February 20, 2014 R42135
Levinson, Marc

U.S. Natural Gas Exports: New Opportunities, Uncertain Outcomes
September 17, 2013 R42074
Ratner, Michael; et al.

U.S. Oil Imports and Exports
April 4, 2012 R42465
Nerurkar, Neelesh

U.S. Postal Service’s Use of Contractors to Deliver Mail: Background and Recent Developments
May 29, 2012 R42549
Kosar, Kevin R.

U.S. Postal Service: Background and Analysis of H.R. 2309 and S.1789 in the 112th Congress
July 9, 2012 R42590
Kosar, Kevin R.

U.S. Renewable Electricity: How Does Wind Generation Impact Competitive Power Markets
November 7, 2012 R42818
Brown, Phillip

U.S. Renewable Electricity: How Does the Production Tax Credit (PTC) Impact Wind Markets
June 20, 2012 R42576
Brown, Phillip

U.S. Solar Photovoltaic Manufacturing: Industry Trends, Global Competition, Federal Support
June 13, 2012 R42509
Platzer, Michaela D.

U.S. Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage
May 24, 2012 R42513
Werner, James D.

U.S. Trade and Investment in the Middle East and North Africa: Overview and Issues for Congress
March 4, 2013 R42153
Akhtar, Shayerah Ilias; et al.

Unemployment Compensation (UC): Eligibility for Students under State and Federal Laws
September 7, 2012 R42707
Whittaker, Julie M.; et al.

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS): CRS Experts
May 22, 2012 R42541
Hagerty, Curry L.

United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: Issues in the U.s. Ratification Debate
March 4, 2013 R42749
Blanchfield, Luisa; et al.

United States v. Jones: GPS Monitoring, Property, and Privacy
April 30, 2012 R42511
Thompson, Richard M. III

Update on Controlling Greenhouse Gases from International Aviation
November 19, 2012 R42828
Leggett, Jane A.

VA Housing: Guaranteed Loans, Direct Loans, and Specially Adapted Housing Grants
February 4, 2013 R42504
Perl, Libby

Veterans’ Benefits: Honoring America’s Veterans and Caring for Camp Lejeune Families Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-154)
November 5, 2012 R42810
Scott, Christine

Veterans’ Benefits: The Impact of Military Discharges on Basic Eligibility
January 6, 2012 R43928
Moulta-Ali, Umar; et al.

Veterans’ Medical Care: FY2013 Appropriations
June 13, 2013 R42518
Panangala, Sidath Viranga

Video Relay Service: Program Funding and Reform
October 22, 2013 R42830
Figliola, Patricia Moloney

Violence Against Women Act: Overview, Legislation, and Federal Funding
March 6, 2014 R42499
Sacco, Lisa N.

Voter Identification Requirements: Background and Legal Issues
November 10, 2014 R42806
Coleman, Kevin J.; et al.

Weather-Related Power Outages and Electric System Resiliency
August 28, 2012 R42696
Campbell, Richard J.

What Is Systemic Risk: Does It Apply to Recent JP Morgan Losses
May 24, 2012 R42545
Murphy, Edward V.

When Congressional Legislation Interferes with Existing Contracts: Legal Issues
August 20, 2012 R42635
Meltz, Robert

Whistleblower Protections under Federal Law: An Overview
September 13, 2012 R42727
Shimabukuro, Jon O.; et al.

Who Earns Pass-through Business Income: An Analysis of Individual Tax Return Data
February 16, 2012 R42359
Keightley, Mark P.

Who is a Veteran – Basic Eligibility for Veterans’ Benefits
January 23, 2014 R42324
Moulta-Ali, Umar

Who’s Your Mommy/daddy? Citizenship Policy Evolves With Medical Technology
6-Jan-12
Lee, Margaret Mikyung

Why Some Fuel-Efficient Vehicles Are Not Sold Domestically
August 17, 2012 R42666
Canis, Bill

Wiretapping, Tape Recorders, and Legal Ethics: An Abridged Overview of Questions Posed by Attorney Involvement in Secretly Recording Conversation
August 9, 2012 R42649
Doyle, Charles

Wiretapping, Tape Recorders, and Legal Ethics: An Overview of Questions Posed by Attorney Involvement in Secretly Recording Conversation
August 9, 2012 R42650
Doyle, Charles

Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act
September 4, 2012 R42693
Collins, Benjamin

Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Reauthorization Proposals in the 112th Congress: Comparison of Major Features of Current Law and H.R. 4297
August 10, 2012 R42658
Bradley, David H.; et al.

Youth and the Labor Force: Background and Trends
May 10, 2012 R42519
Fernandes-Alcantara, Adrienne L.