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6 Eur. Foreign Aff. Rev. 155 (2001)
CESDP: Nice's Overtrumped Success?

handle is hein.kluwer/eurofa0006 and id is 159 raw text is: European Foreign Affairs Review 6: 155-175, 2001. © 2001 Kluwer Law International. CESDP: Nice's Overtrumped Success? SIMON DUKE* I. Introduction The critical and even pessimistic outcomes of the Nice summit of 7-9 Decem- ber 2000, which marked the end of the French EU Presidency as well as the Intergovernmental Conference (IGC), had one notable exception. There seemed to be consensus that a significant step forward had been achieved in the Common European Security and Defence Policy (CESDP), building upon a process started two years earlier at St Malo by France and the United King- dom.' The IGC introduced few changes to Title V of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) but for the most part the second pillar innovations were not treaty-dependent. The French Presidency Report on European Security and Defence continued the development of CESDP, addressing the issues it was invited to consider by the previous (Portuguese) presidency. The report was adopted and is not dependent upon ratification of the Treaty of Nice for fur- ther progress on CESDP.2 The report detailed further developments on a range of topics such as non-military crisis management, military crisis management and a variety of coordination proposals for EU relations with the Council of Europe, the OSCE, the United Nations and, in particular, NATO. In addition a report on conflict prevention by the Secretary General/High Representative (SG/HR) and the Commission was attached to the report, as was a contribu- tion by the SG/HR on crisis management.' * Associate Professor, European Institute of Public Administration, Maastricht. The question of terminology continues. A number of authors have commented on the con- fusion caused by the use of the terms ESDP and CESDP. It seemed that the preferred term post-Helsinki was CESDP since the term ESDP was accidentally or deliberately confused with NATO's European Security and Defence Identity (ESDI). The French Presidency Report on European Security and Defence of 4 December 2000 reverts to the use of ESDP. For the sake of clarity and consistency, the term CESDP is preferred. 2 Presidency Report on European Security and Defence, 4 December 2000, Press Release 14056/2/00. A declaration annexed to the final act of the IGC concerning CESDP states that 'the objective for the European Union is to become operational quickly' and that 'the ratifica- tion of the revised Treaty does not constitute a precondition'. ' Improving the Coherence and Effectiveness of European Union Action in the Field of Con- flict Prevention, report presented to the Nice European Council by the Secretary General/High Copyright' 2007 by Kluwer Law International. All rights reserved. No claim asserted to original government works.

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