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34 Yale L. & Pol'y Rev. 281 (2015-2016)
The City as a Commons

handle is hein.journals/yalpr34 and id is 280 raw text is: 








              YALE LAW & POLICY REVIEW





                       The  City  as  a Commons

                    Sheila R. Foster* & Christian laione**

INTRODUCTION             .......................................... ........282

I.  THE  COMMONS   AND  THE CITY.......................            ........291
    A.   Conceptualizing the Commons     .....................      ....... 291
    B.   City Space as a Commons          .....................................294
        1.  Urban  Land as a Common   Pool Resource......        .......... 295
        2.  Open  Space and Urban  Agglomeration........      ............ 297
        3.  Tragedy  of the Urban Commons        ...............................298
     C.  Common  Resources in the City..  .....................     ....... 301
        i.  Property in Transition       ..................................  301
        2.  Occupying  the Commons           ...............................303
        3.  The  Production of the Commons         .........................36
        4.  The  Social Function of Property          ..........................307




*    University Professor and Albert A. Walsh Professor of Real Estate, Land Use and
     Property, Law, Fordham University.
**   Professor of Public Law, UniMarconi and Visiting Professor of Governance of the
     Commons,  LUISS Guido Carli University. The authors would like to thank Elena
     De Nictolis and Camille Fischer for their research assistance during the course of
     drafting of the Article. We received invaluable feedback from participants at the
     following law schools and fora where the paper was presented: Georgetown
     University law faculty workshop, American University Washington College of Law
     faculty workshop, MIT Law and Planning Seminar, La Sapienza University in
     Rome,  and the legislative drafting staff at the New York City Council. We also
     appreciate the trenchant feedback on the paper from David Bollier, Raffaele
     Bifulco, Paola Chirulli, Nestor Davidson, Nisha Mistry, Fernanda Nicola, and
     Giovanni Vetritto. Finally, we treasure the insights from conversations with Marco
     Cammelli, Giacinto Della Cananea, Giusella Finocchiaro and Leonardo Morlino.
     Support for part of the research came from the Fondazione del Monte di Bologna
     e Ravenna.


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