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19 W. New Eng. L. Rev. 193 (1997)
Role of Counsel and the Courts in Addressing Foreign Language and Cultural Barriers at Different Stages of a Criminal Proceeding, the

handle is hein.journals/wnelr19 and id is 199 raw text is: ARTICLES THE ROLE OF COUNSEL AND THE COURTS IN ADDRESSING FOREIGN LANGUAGE AND CULTURAL BARRIERS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF A CRIMINAL PROCEEDING RICHARD W. COLE* LAURA MASLOW-ARMAND** INTRODUCrION With the growing racial, ethnic, and linguistic diversity of the United States, issues of language and cultural barriers to equal jus- tice are increasingly confronting prosecutors, defense counsel, and the courts. In 1990, in Massachusetts alone, 350,000 persons, or 6.2% of all Massachusetts residents over the age of five did not speak English adequately or at all.' Nationally, it is estimated that *.. in 1990 the number of home speakers of non-English languages was nearly 32 million or approximately 12.6% of the total population.2 * Assistant Attorney General, Chief of the Civil Rights Division, Office of the Attorney General of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. B.A., 1971, George Wash- ington University; J.D., 1974, Boston University School of Law. ** Assistant Attorney General, Public Charities Division, Office of the Attorney General of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Ph.D., 1969, Harvard University; Ph.D., 1981, University of Paris; J.D., 1992, Harvard Law School. The authors wish to thank Robert J. Ambrogi, Esq. of Rockport, Massachusetts, for his editorial and drafting assistance for portions of this article. The views expressed in this Article are solely those of the authors and do not nec- essarily reflect the views of the Attorney General or the Office of the Attorney General of Massachusetts. Copyright © 1996 - All rights reserved. 1. See U.S. DEP'T OF COMMERCE, ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS ADMINISTRA- TION, 1990 CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING: SUMMARY SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS, MASSACHUSETTS tbl.2, at 10 (1990). 2. State v. Santiago, 542 N.W.2d 466, 471 n.4 (Wis. Ct. App. 1995) (citing WIL. LIAM E. HEWrT, NATIONAL CENTER FOR STATE COURTS, COURT INTERPRETATION: MODEL GUIDES FOR POLICE AND PRACTICE IN THE STATE COURTS 11 (1995)).

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