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29 Wm. Mitchell L. Rev. 845 (2002-2003)
The Race Effect on Wrongful Convictions

handle is hein.journals/wmitch29 and id is 855 raw text is: THE RACE EFFECT ON WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS Arthur L. Rizer III I. INTRODUCTIO N ................................................................... 846 II. HISTORICAL VIEW AND EFFEcTS OF RACE IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM ................................................................... 847 A. The Scottsboro Effect ....................................................... 848 B. The McCleskey Effect .................................................... 851 C. The Impact of McCleskey .............................................. 852 III. EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY AND CROSS-RACIAL IDENTIFICATIO N .................................................................. 853 A. Wrongful Convictions Due to Faulty Eyewitness Testimony.853 B. Faulty Eyewitness Testimony in Cross-Racial Identification Increases Wrongful Convictions Among Minorities ............ 854 C. Solutions and Safeguards ............................................... 855 IV. IT IS BETTER TO BE RICH AND GUILTY THAN POOR, INNOCENT, AND A MINORITY ................................................ 856 A. Wrongful Convictions and the Impoverished in America .... 857 B. Minorities and Poverty in America .................................. 858 C. Prisons in America ......................................................... 859 D. Suggestions and Solutions .............................................. 860 V. INSTITUTIONALIZED RACISM THAT IMPACTS MINORITIES BEING WRONGFULLY CONVICTED ........................................ 860 A. Congress / Legislature .................................................... 860 B . The Prosecutor .............................................................. 861 C. The Court/ judges ........................................................ 864 D . TheJury ....................................................................... 864 V I. C O N CLU SIO N ....................................................................... 866

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