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48 Willamette L. Rev. 403 (2011-2012)
Hijacked: How Efforts to Redefine the International Definition of Human Trafficking Threaten Its Purpose

handle is hein.journals/willr48 and id is 409 raw text is: HIJACKED: HOW EFFORTS TO REDEFINE THE INTERNATIONAL DEFINITION OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING THREATEN ITS PURPOSE JOSEPH L. DUNNE1 INTRODUCTION Recent escalation in human trafficking has occurred in the context of a large, complex increase in human migration. In the latter half of the twentieth century, exponential population growth in poorer countries led to a surplus in those counties' unskilled labor force.1 Globalization led to an increase in demand for cheap labor, while international trade agreements increased access to foreign labor markets.2 Technological advances and urbanization in developing counties drove rural populations to bigger cities in search of work. As the gap between rich and poor countries continues to widen, workers from impoverished countries seek work in more stable economies.4 The International Labor Organization (ILO) estimates that more than 100 million people migrate across international borders every year in search of work.5 Emigrant workers who cannot obtain visas for destination countries often rely on human smugglers t J.D. Candidate 2012, Willamette University College of Law, Associate Editor, WILLAMETTE LAW REVIEW, 2011-2012. 1. Population Reference Bureau, World Population Highlights, 63.3 POPULATION BULLETIN 1 (Sep. 2008), available at http://www.prb.org/pdf08/63.3highlights.pdf. 2. Neha Misra, THE PUSH & PULL OF GLOBALIZATION: HOW THE GLOBAL ECONOMY MAKES MIGRANT WORKERS VULNERABLE To EXPLOITATION 1 (Solidarity Center Aug. 2007), available at http://www.solidaritycenter.org/files/pubspolicybrief migration.pdf. 3. Yvette Collymore, Rapid Population Growth, Crowded Cites Present Challenges in the Philippines, POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU (Jun. 9, 2003), http://www.prb.org/Articles/2003/RapidPopulationGrowthCrowdedCitiesPresentChallengesint hePhilippines.aspx. 4. Id.; Misra, supra note 2, at 1. 5. INT'L LABOUR ORG., INTERNATIONAL LABOUR MIGRATION: A RIGHTS-BASED APPROACH 14 (Int'l Labour Office, Academic Found 2010), available at http://www.ilo.org/ public/english/protection/migrant/download/rights based approach.pdf.

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