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10 Whitehead J. Dipl. & Int'l Rel. 59 (2009)
Are Markets Good for Girls - The World Bank and Neoliberal Education Reforms in Developing Countries

handle is hein.journals/whith10 and id is 59 raw text is: Are Markets Good for Girls? The World Bank and Neoliberal Education Reforms in Developing Countries by Jane Arnold Lincove As human capital plays an increasingly important role in global economies, the World Bank has given more attention to the education sector. The World Bank is now the self-proclaimed largest financier of international The education of girls education,' and debates about the legitimacy of World . Bank policy and influence are ever present in the education is central to the World sector. Academic literature on education policy highlights Bank strategy and two key conflicts that reflect broader concerns about marketed as a pathway neoliberal ideology. First, there is a conflict between to accelerated develop- market-based policies and efforts to reduce inequality. Second, there is a conflict between the World Bank's ment outcomes. generic approach to education policy and the need for local, context-specific policy adaptation. This article summarizes debates about the World Bank's role in the education sector and advances these discussions by examining how individual countries balance the competing demands of efficiency and gender equity in the context of World Bank-funded projects. This article proceeds in three sections. The first section summarizes general theories of the role of neoliberal markets in education and the effects on gender equity. The second section describes the role of the World Bank in education financing, and the third section examines implementation of neo-liberal education strategies in the developing world and how World Bank strategies interact with policy innovations to promote gender equity. SECTION I: NEOLIBERAL EDUCATION REFORM There is a general consensus that the numerous social benefits of education justify a role for government. To achieve these benefits, governments typically provide public financing for schools, and beyond financing, education bureaus also regulate quality through control of staffing, curriculum, and facilities. Beginning Jane Arnold Lincove is an Assistant Professor at the Lyndon Baines Johnson School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas at Austin. 59 The Whitebead Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations

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