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10 Whitehead J. Dipl. & Int'l Rel. 59 (2009)
Are Markets Good for Girls - The World Bank and Neoliberal Education Reforms in Developing Countries

handle is hein.journals/whith10 and id is 59 raw text is: Are Markets Good for Girls?
The World Bank and Neoliberal Education
Reforms in Developing Countries
by Jane Arnold Lincove
As human capital plays an increasingly important role in global economies, the
World Bank has given more attention to the education sector. The World Bank is
now the self-proclaimed largest financier of international  The education of girls
education,' and debates about the legitimacy of World .
Bank policy and influence are ever present in the education is central to the World
sector. Academic literature on education policy highlights Bank strategy and
two key conflicts that reflect broader concerns about marketed as a pathway
neoliberal ideology. First, there is a conflict between to accelerated develop-
market-based policies and efforts to reduce inequality.
Second, there is a conflict between the World Bank's ment outcomes.
generic approach to education policy and the need for local, context-specific policy
adaptation. This article summarizes debates about the World Bank's role in the
education sector and advances these discussions by examining how individual
countries balance the competing demands of efficiency and gender equity in the
context of World Bank-funded projects.
This article proceeds in three sections. The first section summarizes general
theories of the role of neoliberal markets in education and the effects on gender
equity. The second section describes the role of the World Bank in education
financing, and the third section examines implementation of neo-liberal education
strategies in the developing world and how World Bank strategies interact with policy
innovations to promote gender equity.
SECTION I: NEOLIBERAL EDUCATION REFORM
There is a general consensus that the numerous social benefits of education
justify a role for government. To achieve these benefits, governments typically
provide public financing for schools, and beyond financing, education bureaus also
regulate quality through control of staffing, curriculum, and facilities. Beginning
Jane Arnold Lincove is an Assistant Professor at the Lyndon Baines Johnson School of Public
Affairs at the University of Texas at Austin.
59
The Whitebead Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations

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