Antibiotic Resistance and Ineffective Regulations for Factory Farming
![handle is hein.journals/wfjlapo10 and id is 91 raw text is:
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND INEFFECTIVE
REGULATIONS FOR FACTORY FARMING
MARVI ALIt
F actory farming practices in the United States are accelerating
an antibiotic resistance, which will have disastrous effects on
human health. Antibiotics were first used in food-producing
animals in the 1940s.' Agricultural methods for managing
livestock have changed dramatically since then, leading to the
current reign of industrial factory farms.2 Although factory
farming' operations have become more efficient, they generally
sacrifice animal welfare to reduce expenses related to living
conditions and nutrition.' These animals lack proper food, space,
ventilation, and hygiene, and are subjected to high stress.' Poor
living conditions weaken the animals' immunity, and housing high
numbers of animals in close proximity raises the risk of infection
t. I am a 2017 graduate of the College of William & Mary, and I am now earning
a J.D. and a Masters in Sustainability through Wake Forest University's Dual Graduate
Degree Program. I would like to thank my parents for their endless love and support in all
my endeavors, both including and well beyond academic pursuits. I am now serving as a
Notes & Comments Editor for Wake Forests'sJournal of Law & Policy and will graduate in
2020.
1. Haihong Hao et al., Benefits and risks of antimicrobial use in food-producing animals,
5 FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY 1, 1 (2014).
2. Caline Mattar et al., One Health and Antimicrobial Resistance, 62 WORLD MED. J.
108, 109 (2016); FOOD & WATER WATCH, FAcTORY FARM NATION 2 (2015), https://www.fo
odandwaterwatch.org/sites/default/files/factory-farm-nation-report-may-2015.pdf.
3. A factory farm is an industrial facility that raises large numbers of farm animals
in a confined environment. The animals' movements are prohibited to cages, crates, or
being crowded in pens. Factory Farms, ASPCA, https://www.aspca.org/animal-
cruelty/farm-animal-welfare (last visited Sept 5, 2019).
4. Robert S. Lawrence, The FDA Did Not Do Enough to Restrict Antibiotics Use in
Animals, ATLANTIC (Apr. 16, 2012), https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/20
12/04/the-fda-did-not-do-enough-to-restrict-antibioics-use-in-animals/255878
([I]ndustrial operations that dominate modern food animal production confine
hundreds and often thousands of animals in overcrowded and unsanitary facilities.).
5. Id.
87](ViewImageLocal?handle=hein.journals/wfjlapo10&div=6&collection=&method=preview&ext=.png&size=3)
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Antibiotic Resistance and Ineffective Regulations for Factory Farming
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