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68 U. Colo. L. Rev. 683 (1997)
A Misplaced Sensitivity: The Draft Opinions in Wyoming v. United States

handle is hein.journals/ucollr68 and id is 705 raw text is: A MISPLACED SENSITIVITY:
THE DRAFT OPINIONS IN WYOMING
V. UNITED STATES
ANDREW C. MERGEN* & SYLVIA F. LIu**
I.    INTRODUCTION
In early 1989, the Supreme Court granted certiorari to review
the practicably irrigable acreage (PIA) standard used to
quantify Indian' reserved water rights.' On June 26, 1989, after
full briefing and argument, the Supreme Court affirmed a
Wyoming Supreme Court decision applying the PIA standard to
calculate Indian reserved water rights on the Wind River
Reservation.? The Court, however, did not publish an opinion,
causing much speculation among commentators and interested
parties about the future of the controversial PIA standard.4
* Attorney, Appellate Section, Environment and Natural Resources Division.
U.S. Department of Justice. B.A., University of Wisconsin-Madison; J.D., George
Washington University Law School. The opinions and views stated in this article are
those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the United States
Department of Justice or any other federal agency. This article was written in the
authors' individual capacities. The authors thank Peter Menges and Kate Dowling
for their assistance with the research and editing of this article.
** Attorney, Policy, Legislation, and Special Litigation Section, Environment
and Natural Resources Division, U.S. Department of Justice. B.A., Yale University;
J.D., Harvard Law School.
1. We use the term Indian throughout this article because we believe it is
more commonly used in the context of water rights than the broader term Native
American.
2. Wyoming v. United States, 488 U.S. 1040 (1989).
3. Wyoming v. United States, 492 U.S. 406, 407 (1989).
4. Several commentators analyzed the Justices' questions and statements made
during oral argument in an effort to predict the future of the PIA standard. See
Joseph R. Membrino, Indian Reserved Water Rights, Federalism and the Trust
Responsibility, 27 LAND & WATER L. REV. 1 (1992); Walter Rusinek, Note, A Preview
of Coming Attractions? Wyoming v. United States and the Reserved Rights Doctrine,
17 ECOLOGY L.Q. 355 (1990); Martha C. Franks, The Uses of the Practicably Irrigable
Acreage Standard in the Quantification of Reserved Water Rights, 31 NAT.
RESOURCES J. 549 (1991) (criticizing the PIA standard for its speculative and
subjective nature and for not addressing the real economic needs of the Indian
people).
For a discussion of the PIA standard and the Winters doctrine of Indian reserved
water rights, see infra Part II.

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