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58 Tulsa L. Rev. 245 (2022-2023)
Los Vaqueros, Coyoteros, y Pollos: Combating Human Smuggling beyond the Border

handle is hein.journals/tlj58 and id is 257 raw text is: 








       LOS VAQUEROS, COYOTEROS, Y POLLOS:
  COMBATING HUMAN SMUGGLING BEYOND THE
                               BORDER




                          Marshall  B.  Lloyd*


I. IN TRO D U CTIO N ............................................................................................................246

II. EL NUEVO MARSHAL EN LA CIUDAD: TEXAS AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
      GRAPPLE OVER THE BORDER, ENFORCEMENT, AND JURISDICTION OVER HUMAN
      SM UG G LIN G  ........................................................................................................ 249
      A. Wrangling Over the Remain-in-Mexico Policy ............................................251
      B. Showdown at the Border ...............................................................................257

III. ENFORCEMENT TO COMBAT HUMAN SMUGGLING .................................................... 260
      A. Congress has the Power to Regulate Immigration Violations.......................260
      B. Extraterritorial Jurisdiction is Available to Combat Human Smuggling.......262
      C. Vaqueros Roaming South of the Border .......................................................264

IV. IN SEARCH OF AN INSTITUTIONAL REMEDY TO HUMAN SMUGGLING ....................... 268
      A. An Inter-American Court of Criminal Justice Would Adequately Address
          Cartel Smuggling .......................................................................................268
          i. Jurisdictional and Substantive Issues ......................................................269
                 a. Illicit Drug Trafficking .............................................................269
                 b. Operations of Submersible Vessel or Semi-Submersible Vessel
                 w ithout N ationality.......................................................................270
                 c. Illicit M anufacturing  of W eapons.............................................270
                 d. Human Trafficking ...................................................................271
                 e. Human Smuggling....................................................................271
                 f. Money Laundering....................................................................272
                 g. Terrorism..................................................................................272
          ii. Enforcement, Power, and Capacity of the IACCJ..................................273
      B. The Long-Arm of the IACCJ: Jurisprudence and Due Process of Law ........274




*J.S.D., St. Thomas University School of Law, 2017; LL.M, St. Mary's University School of Law, 2009; J.D.,
Oklahoma City University School of Law, 1999. The author is a native Texan accustomed to speaking English,
Spanish, and Hill Country, living within a two-day horse ride from the border area.


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