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29 Technium Soc. Sci. J. 471 (2022)
Re-Emergence of Asia in the New Industrial Era

handle is hein.journals/techssj29 and id is 472 raw text is: Technium Social Sciences Journal Vol. 29, 471-480, March, 2022 i 2sISSN: 2668-7798 SOCIAL SCIENCES JOURNAL www. techniumscience.com Re-emergence of Asia in the New Industrial Era Siddhartha Paul Tiwari Google Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd., Mapletree Business City II, Singapore siddhartha@google.com Abstract. The dawn of the new industrial era (Fourth Industrial Revolution or 4 IR, Industry 4.0, McLuhan stage) characterised by IT-based modern technologies and global value chains has regained the Asian economic strength. Overarching impact of 4 IR is expected on the physical, digital and biological world. Several Asian countries have maintained high growth and have displayed true globalization by possessing elements and desiderata of the 4 IR. Asia has also displayed its innovative strength in many determinants of 4 IR. Although a gradual transition from labour to capital to talent is slated to happen, Asia will have its own amalgam of the three case-by-case. For example, some Asian countries have demographic assets to use labour in low- skill jobs and they will continue to compete as low-cost manufacturing hubs for a substantially long period despite high proportion of ageing people and less birth rate. Human talent-intensive services like healthcare and education stand to benefit from 4 IR by way of cost-reduction but concerted efforts of public and private sectors are needed in these areas. Unemployment and inequality may rise initially but may be offset to a sizeable extent by new jobs and engagements and also by reorientation of knowledge, skill and attitude, the three realms of education, through continuous training, skill upgradation and self-renewal. There could be eugenic effects such as defect-rectification at early developmental stages and ultimately moving towards designer human beings in the long long run. Significant role of the state, policy and mode of governance was observed in bringing about the 4 IR. It is hoped that while thriving on the fruits of 4 IR, all stakeholders would also unite for maintaining a vigil and holding up the human values like conscience, creativity and empathy to mar the possible ill-effects of the 4IR that could be dreaded in its most dehumanized form in the long run. Keywords. Asia, new industrial revolution, 4 IR, Industry 4.0 , impact and consequences, unemployment and inequality, Asian demographic, economic and innovative strength Consequent upon the initial Industrial Revolution of the 18th century, the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Schwab 2016 et seq) or 4 IR has commenced and has come to stay and expand. The four revolutions really embodied four sequential paradigm shifts. The first industrial revolution in the late 18th and early 19th century focused on the benefits of mechanization where for the first time some animal or human labor could be substituted by mechanical power to bring about new forms of manufacturing activities concerning steel, textiles, tools, etc. The second industrial revolution in the late 19th and early 20th century relied on the mass production along assembly lines that scaled up product manufacturing through a combination of labor and machines. The third industrial revolution, in the later part of the 20th century, came owing to automation of manufacturing processes facilitating repetitive tasks 471

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