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2012 Stan. Tech. L. Rev. 5 (2012)
Coding Creativity: Copyright and the Artificially Intelligent Author

handle is hein.journals/stantlr2012 and id is 140 raw text is: Annemarie Bridy: Coding Creativity: Copyright and the Artificially Intelligent Author Coding Creativity: Copyright and the Artificially Intelligent Author ANNEMARIE BRIDY * CITE AS: 2012 STAN. TECH. L. REv. 5 BRUTUS is Vulcan through and through, utterly devoid of emotion, but he nonetheless seems to have within his reach things that touch not only our minds, but our hearts. - Selmer Bringsjord, programmer of BRUTUS' A B S T R A C T ..........................................................................................................................................................1 IN T R O D U C T IO N ............................................................................................................................................. 2 I. THE LEGAL LIMITS OF AUTHORSHIP. ................................................................................... 3 II. THE QUESTION OF COMPUTATIONAL CREATIVITY ........................................................ 9 A . T heor i ng C om putational C reatiziy .............................................................................................................. 9 B. Imagining Computational Creatikiy ................................... .............. ............................ 14 C. Coding Computational Creatikiy ...................................................... ........... ......... ............ 15 III. ARTIFICIALLY INTELLIGENT AUTHORS: TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS OR OXYMORON? ................................................................... 18 IV. PROTECTING WORKS OF ARTIFICIALLY INTELLIGENT AUTHORSHIP ................ 21 A . If Copyright, Then W hose Copyright? ............................................................................ ........... 21 B . A B ad P enny of a Q uestion ......................................................................................................................... 22 C. Owning the Problem of Ownership:Authors-in-Fact vs. Authors-in-Law ............................................... 24 C O N C L U S IO N ................................................................................................................................................ 2 7 ABSTRACT For more than a quarter century, interest among copyright scholars in the question of AI authorship has waxed and waned as the popular conversation about AI has oscillated between © 2012, Annemarie Bridy. Fellow, Princeton University Center for Information Technology Policy (CITP); Associate Professor of Law, University of Idaho College of Law. This article has greatly benefited from the input and feedback of participants in the Southeastern Association of Law Schools 2010 Annual Meeting, the Tenth Annual Intellectual Property Scholars Conference, the Lewis and Clark Northwestern School of Law IP in the Trees Scholarly Workshop, and the Whittier Law School IP Colloquium. I owe particular thanks to Dan Burk, Megan Carpenter, James Grimmelmann, Steve Hetcher, Andy Johnson-Laird, Lydia Loren, Joe Miller, John Parry, David Post, Betsy Rosenblatt, and Molly Van Houwelng, each of whom helped to bring some part of this project into better, sharper focus. 1 SELMER BRINGSJORD & DAVID A. FERRUCCI, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND LITERARY CREATIVITY: INSIDE THE MIND OF BRUTUS, A STORYTELLING MACHINE xxvi (2000).

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