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46 Syracuse J. Int'l L. & Com. 323 (2018-2019)
International Criminal Courts Prior to the Second World War: An Historical Analysis of International and Multinational Criminal Courts Preceding Nuremberg

handle is hein.journals/sjilc46 and id is 335 raw text is: INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURTS PRIOR TO THE SECOND WORLD WAR: AN HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL AND MULTINATIONAL CRIMINAL COURTS PRECEDING NUREMBERG Harry M. Rhea* A B ST R A C T ........................................................................................ 323 IN TR O D U CTION ............................................................................... 324 I. BRIEF HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURTS PRIOR TO W W I ...................................................... 326 I. PO ST W ORLD W AR I ................................................................... 330 A. International High Tribunal ................................................. 330 B. High Court of International Justice ...................................... 335 C. International Criminal Court ............................................... 337 C O N C LU SIO N .................................................................................... 339 ABSTRACT The International Criminal Court (ICC) is arguably the international community's greatest achievement of the 20' Century. The Rome Stat- ute of the ICC was adopted by an overwhelming majority of States on July 17, 1998 and entered into force on July 1, 2002. The ICC maintains jurisdiction over the worst international crimes, including genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. While the Rome Statute is only twenty years old, its evolution dates back over a century. Much literature on international criminal tribunals begins with the Nuremberg Trial after the Second World War. This paper analyzes the evolution of international criminal courts prior to the Second World War to gain a deeper understanding of the evolution of the International Criminal Court. * Associate Professor of Criminal Justice and Law, Rutgers University-Cam- den; Officer, U.S. Navy Reserve; Subject-Matter Expert and Instructor of the Law of Armed Conflict at the Officer Training Command, Newport; Chair, Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences International Section 2017-2019; Recipient of the 2013 Emerging Scholar Award from the Northeastern Association of Criminal Justice Sci- ences; Recipient of 2018 NJ Senate and General Assembly Joint Legislative Cere- monial Resolution; B.S., 2002, Rutgers University; M.S., 2004, Saint Joseph's Uni- versity; M.A., 2015, La Salle University; Ph.D., 2012, Irish Centre for Human Rights, National University of Ireland, Galway.

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