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5 Sing. J. Int'l & Comp. L. 165 (2001)
International Arbitration System as a Mechanism for the Settlement of Disputes Arising in Relation to Space Commercialization

handle is hein.journals/singa5 and id is 175 raw text is: Singapore Journal of International & Comparative Law (2001) 5 pp 165 - 179 International Arbitration System as a Mechanism for the Settlement of Disputes Arising in Relation to Space Commercialization Professor Chia-Jui Cheng* I. INTRODUCTION OVER the years, international space activities have become more and more commercial. In the very beginning, outer space activities were purely under the control of sovereign states since the first launching of a satellite into outer space by the then USSR in 1957. Later on, the United States, China, France, the United Kingdom and India successively joined this space club as new members. It can be expected that the number of actors in outer space activities will multiply in the future. Consequently, states are primarily, but not exclusively, the actors of international space law. International organizations and private enter- prises are the most important actors after states. Inter-governmental and governmental space organizations have also played a different coordinated role in the management of a multi-satellite system. The outer space activities of ITU, INTELSAT, INMARSAT, and EUTELSAT have operated successfully in coordinating the commercial use of outer space since 1971.' In the last ten years, the relaxation of tight gov- ernment control in commercial space activities has led national and * Chairman, Asian Institute of International Air and Space Law, Taipei, Taiwan, China. 1 International space law is also a new branch of international law, consisting of rules governing the relationships between the numerous regional, national and international agencies concerned with space issues, such as the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS), the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT), the International Organization of Space Communications (INTERSPUTNIK), the Council on International Cooperation in the Study and Utilization of Outer Space (INTERCOSMOS), the International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT), the European Space Agency (ESA), the Arab Satellite Communication Organization (ARABSAT), the European Telecommunications Satellite Organization (EUTELSAT), the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) in France, see Cheng Chia-Jui, 'New Sources of International Space Law', in The Use of Air and Outer Space-Cooperation and Competition, Chia-Jui Cheng, ed, Kiuwer Law International, The Hague/London/Boston, 1998, pp 211-212.

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