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43 Seattle U. L. Rev. 497 (2019-2020)
Tone at the Top and the Communication of Corporate Values: Lost in Translation

handle is hein.journals/sealr43 and id is 507 raw text is: Tone at the Top and the Communication of Corporate
Values: Lost in Translation?
Alfredo Contreras, Aiyesha Dey & Claire Hill*
ABSTRACT
Many firms that were involved in large-scale corporate frauds had
strong corporate codes of ethics and values statements. These firms were
also subject to considerable social pressures to be mindful of their
reputations; frauds are negative reputational events. Notably, the frauds
not infrequently involved possible, or even outright, illegality.
Why didn't these strong forces-strong codes of ethics and firms'
clear interest in maintaining a good reputation, as well as the fear of legal
liability-do more to prevent the frauds? It seems hard to imagine that
serious misdeeds could occur if the top management was committed to
preventing them. But top management, especially the CEOs, are sending
messages declaring precisely such a commitment.. Might they be sending,
verbally or nonverbally, other, countermanding or dilutive, messages? Our
aim here is to raise this issue and consider how it might be explored.
INTRODUCTION
Major corporate scandals in the recent, and not so recent, past come
readily to mind. The scandals have sometimes involved behavior that was
illegal; they have also involved behavior that, at a minimum, was close to
the line of illegality. Lying to customers is clearly illegal; pressuring
salespeople to do so presents a harder case for law, but is certainly contrary
to a consensus view of what ethics requires.
For each scandal, particularly the more recent ones, the company
involved had a code of conduct, a code of ethics, or both, and made many
other pronouncements as to the strength and quality of its culture and its
* Alfredo Contreras is at Brightflag; Aiyesha Dey is at Harvard Business School; and Claire Hill is at
the University of Minnesota Law School. We wish to thank the participants at the Annual Adolph A.
Berle Symposium for 2019, on Law and Corporate Culture. Claire Hill wishes to thank June Carbone,
Eric Hillemann, and Brett McDonnell for extremely useful discussions on this point and Scott Dewey
for his extraordinary and tireless research assistance.

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