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41 Rev. Litig. 365 (2021-2022)
Substantive Due Process and Pretrial Detention: Implications of Strict Scrutiny for the Law of Bail

handle is hein.journals/rol41 and id is 387 raw text is: 







   SUBSTANTIVE DUE PROCESS AND PRETRIAL
      DETENTION: IMPLICATIONS OF STRICT
          SCRUTINY FOR THE LAW OF BAIL

                         Josh Stantont

 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................365
 I. AN OVERVIEW OF PRETRIAL DETENTION IN THE UNITED STATES367
      The Lack of Substance and Process in Pretrial Detention ....367
      Jails and the Supreme Court..................................................371
      Jail Conditions and Effects on Those Detained ....................373
      Harm  to the Person in Pretrial Detention..............................373
      Negative Downstream Consequences of Pretrial Detention .375
      The Racist Consequences of Pretrial Detention....................377
 II. PRETRIAL DETENTION AND THE FUNDAMENTAL  RIGHT TO BE FREE
      FROM PRETRIAL RESTRAINT...................................................378
 III. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND STRICT SCRUTINY.........................386
 IV. NARROW TAILORING  AND PRETRIAL DETENTION ......................389
 V. ALTERNATIVE FRAMEWORKS   OF ANALYSIS ................................392
      The Fourth Amendment  .......................................................392
      The Eighth Amendment  ........................................................393
      Procedural Due Process.........................................................395
      Immigration Detention..........................................................396
      Involuntary Civil Commitment .............................................401
      Applying Procedural Due Process Principles to Pretrial
         Detention ........................................................................403
CONCLUSION....................................................................................405

INTRODUCTION

       One focus of bail reform efforts over the last decade has been
the elimination of cash bail.1 Even with numerous victories in courts



tCopyright C 2021 by Josh Stanton, currently founding a criminal justice reform
nonprofit in Washington, D.C., and formerly a public defender and Clinical Teach-
ing Fellow, Criminal Practice Clinic, Vanderbilt University Law School. Thanks to
the clinical faculty at Vanderbilt for their invaluable insights.
   1. See Wendy R. Calaway & Jennifer M. Kinsley, Rethinking Bail Reform, 52
U. RICH. L. REv. 795, 811 (2018) (citing Mel Gonzalez, Litigating Money Bail
Away: A Dim Future for the Status of the Poor Under the 14 Amendment (Mar. 3,
2017)      (unpublished    manuscript),   on       file     at

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