Frederic de Martens - Representative Tsarist Writer on International Law 22 Nordisk Tidsskrift for International Ret 1952

22 Nordisk Tidsskrift Int'l Ret 51 (1952)
Frederic de Martens - Representative Tsarist Writer on International Law

handle is hein.journals/nordic22 and id is 347 raw text is: FREDERIC DE MARTENS
REPRESENTATIVE TSARIST WRITER
ON INTERNATIONAL LAW
By ARTHUR NUSSBAUM
Fedor Fedorovich de Martens, better known as Frederic de
Martens,1) was born in 1845 in Pernau (Livonia), the son of poor
Lutheran parents. He received the name Friedrich Frommhold Mar-
tens. At the age of ten he was sent to St. Petersburg to enter a school
for orphans and, having graduated from it, studied law at the
University of St. Petersburg. At twenty-one he began a brilliant
career at the Imperial Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1874 he
became a member of the Council of Foreign Affairs with the rank
of Privy Councillor, which conferred upon its holder the rank of
nobility. His change of name indicates that he embraced the
Orthodox faith. In 1873 he had accepted the chair of international
law at the University of St. Petersburg, the most prominent in Rus-
sia. Among his publications the best known is the two-volume
treatise, International Law of Civilized Nations, published in 1882-
83;2) its Russian original went through five editions and was
translated into German, French, Spanish, Serbian, Persian, Chinese
and Japanese. He also edited, in Russian and French, a much
applauded Recueil des Traitds conclus par la Russie avec les Puis-
sances Etrang~res (15 vols., 1874-1909). Besides, he published
a number of articles in defense of Russian foreign politics3) and, in
connection with the Hague Peace Conference of 1899, a book on
Peace and War (1901).4) He was a Russian delegate to a number
of international conferences,5) and took a prominent part in the
negotiations between Russia and Japan which led to the Peace of
Portsmouth (1905). He was a member of the Hague Permanent
Court of Arbitration and co-arbitrator in a number of important
international cases;6) in the famous British-Guiana boundary case
between Great Britain and Venezuela (1904), he was the chairman.
De Martens also was a member and repeatedly the vice-president
of the Institute of International Law at Bruxelles, and an honorary
doctor of Cambridge, Oxford and Yale.

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