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60 Nat. Resources J. 117 (2020)
Energy Decentralization and Decarbonization: The Case of Romania and Malta

handle is hein.journals/narj60 and id is 127 raw text is: Rafael Leal-Arcas* Andrew Filis' Victoria Nalule ENERGY DECENTRALIZATION AND DECARBONIZATION: THE CASE OF ROMANIA AND MALTA ABSTRACT This article aims to provide useful insights into Romania's and Malta's electricity sector, and critically assess the extent to which their current state is conducive to European Union (EU') smart grid objectives of energy decentralization and decarbonization. The article concludes that Malta has embraced reforms aimed at diversifying the energy sector, including the deployment of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles, smart meters and smart grids, all of which are aimed at tackling climate change challenges. In the case of Romania, it enjoys relative energy independence and security vis-a-vis its EU peers, but also other neighboring countries; however, it remains one of the most energy-intensive and polluting EU Member States. At the same time, Romania's performance in relation to increasing the share ofrenewable energy sources in energy consumption and electricity production places it among the leaders at the regional and EU levels, particularly in terms of wind-generated power. I. INTRODUCTION The European Union (EU) pursues complex policies to promote the shared and collective interests of its members to, among other things, energy * Jean Monnet Chaired Professor in EU International Economic Law and Professor of Law, Queen Mary University of London (Centre for Commercial Law Studies). Visiting Researcher, Yale Law School. Member, Madrid Bar. Ph.D., European University Institute; M.Res., European University Institute; J.S.M., Stanford Law School; LL.M., Columbia Law School; M.Phil., London School of Economics and Political Science; J.D., Granada University; B.A., Granada University. The financial help from two European Union (EU) grants is gratefully acknowledged: Jean Monnet Chair in EU International Economic Law (project number 575061-EPP-1-2016-1-UK-EPPJMO-CHAIR) and the WiseGRID project (number 731205), funded by the EU's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program. Email: r.leal-arcasgqmul.ac.uk - Research Associate, Queen Mary University of London, WiseGRID project. Email: a.filisgqmul.ac.uk - Research Associate at Queen Mary University of London, WiseGRID project; PhD in International Energy Law and Policy, CEPMLP, University of Dundee. Email: victorianalule@gmail.com 117

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