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12 Nanotech. L. & Bus. 5 (2015)

handle is hein.journals/nantechlb12 and id is 1 raw text is: NANOTECHNOLOGY LAW & BUSINESS Nanomanufacturing: Application of Nanotechnology in Manufacturing Industries Maseeh Mukhtar* and Unni Pillai** Abstract Advances in nanoscale science have led to the development of new materials and techniques which are affecting production capabilities in a number of manufacturing industries. The authors look at key features of advances made possible by nanoscale science that are relevant to manufacturing capabilities, and examine how these capabilities are being employed in six industries: semiconductors, solar cells, rechargeable batteries, lighting, display and healthcare. A. Introduction Differences in technological capabilities are at the core of differences in economic development across regions and countries. Governments across the globe spend massive amounts in support of research and development to maintain technological competitiveness. A commonly held view of technological change pictures long term technological cycles, each cycle stemming from a revolutionary new scientific advance. In this view, the industrial derivatives of the scientific advance ripples through different sectors in the economy, improving the production techniques and sparking innovation in each of them. Such fundamental scientific advances, and their industrial applications, are often referred to as General Purpose Technologies, to capture the range of their impact across different sectors in the economy. Gordon1 suggests that there were three such technological waves over the last several centuries of industrialization. The steam engine and railroad revolution spanning 1750 to 1830 forms the first, the electricity revolution during 1870-1900 the second, and the information technology * Maseeh Mukhtar is a graduate student at SUNY College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, in Albany, New York. He is the corresponding author and can be contacted at mmukhtar@albany.edu. ** Unni Pillai received a B.Eng in Electrical Engineering from Nanyang Technological University (Singapore). He received a B.Sc in Economics from University of London, an M.Sc in Economics from London School of Economics and Political Science and a Ph.D in Economics from University of Minnesota. He is the Director of the Institute for the Study of International Nanomanufacturing Competitiveness. 1 Robert J. Gordon, Is U.S. Economic Growth Over? Faltering Innovation Confronts the Six Headwinds (The Nat'L Bureau of Econ. Res., Working Paper No. 18315, 2012).

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