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84 Minn. L. Rev. 589 (1999-2000)
On Balance: Religious Liberty and Third-Party Harms

handle is hein.journals/mnlr84 and id is 599 raw text is: On Balance: Religious Liberty and Third-Party Harms Jonathan C. Lipsont Introduction ............................................................................. 590 I. Defining Religion and the Anxiety of Entanglement .. 595 A. Definitional Exercises .............................................. 597 B. Deference as Definition-The Internal Affairs Cases ................................ 600 1. The Rule of Deference. ................... 602 2. The Exceptions-Neutral Principles and Fraud or Collusion ........................................................... 606 a. Neutral Principles ............................................. 607 b. Fraud or Collusion ............................................ 611 C. The Continuum of Deference-Distinguishing Religious and Commercial Conduct ........................ 615 D. Young and Thomas-Deep Deference Despite Third-Party Harm .................................................... 622 1. Young .................................................................... 623 2. Thom as ................................................................. 629 II. Balancing Harms and the Anxiety of Anarchy ............ 635 A. Strong Protection-Balancing Harms Plus Strict Judicial Scrutiny ...................................................... 635 1. The Roots of Balancing-The Religious Solicitation Cases ................................................. 636 2. Strict Scrutiny-A Thumb on the Scale .............. 638 t Assistant Professor of Law, the University of Baltimore School of Law. I thank for insightful comments and suggestions on prior drafts Judith Olans Brown, Fern H. Zittler, Angela C. Carmella, Daniel F. Keating, Reverend Deborah W. Little, Ira C. Lupu, the Honorable Morris E. Lasker, and Douglas Laycock. Tara Norgard and Kim Fuhrman, of the University of Minnesota School of Law, and Kevin Corwin, of the University of Baltimore School of Law, provided valuable editorial and research assistance. For more general support, I thank my colleagues at the University of Baltimore (which also pro- vided valuable financial assistance with this project), Joseph Franco, Alexan- dra Harrison, Dirk Hartog, Tracey Maclin, Patricia Roworth and Karen Tosh. Last-and not least-I also thank my wife, Kathleen Noonan, for her grace, patience and good humor.

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