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27 Mich. J. Int'l L. 437 (2005-2006)
The United States as Global Sheriff: Using Unilateral Sanctions to Combat Human Trafficking

handle is hein.journals/mjil27 and id is 449 raw text is: THE UNITED STATES AS GLOBAL SHERIFF: USING UNILATERAL SANCTIONS TO COMBAT HUMAN TRAFFICKING Janie Chuang* I. COMPETING RESPONSES TO THE PROBLEM OF HUMAN T RAFFICKING ............................................................................ 44 1 A. The International Response: A Fragile Consensus in Vienna ............................................................................ 442 1. The Definition of Trafficking ...................................... 443 2. Criminal Justice vs. Human Rights ............................. 446 B. The United States'Response: U.S. Norms with G lobal R each ..................................................................... 448 1. The U.S. Anti-Trafficking Legislation ........................ 449 2. The Role of the United States in the Global Fight Against Trafficking ............................................ 454 II. A FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING UNILATERAL SANCTIONS AND INTERNATIONAL ANTI-TRAFFICKING N oRM DEVELOPMENT .............................................................. 456 A. The Standard Critiques of U.S. Unilateral Sanctions ........ 457 B. A Framework for Assessing Unilateral Sanctions Under International Law .............................................................. 459 III. ASSESSING THE U.S. ANTI-TRAFFICKING SANCTIONS RE G IM E ..................................................................................... 464 A. Mutually Binding Norms? ................................................. 465 B. Inconsistency with International Norms ............................ 466 1. A New Realist Approach to the Trafficking D efinition .................................................................... 467 2. Insufficient Attention to Human Rights ...................... 471 C. Inconsistent Documentation and Condemnation ............... 474 1. The TIP Reports .......................................................... 474 2. Sanctions ..................................................................... 483 D. Barriers to Broader Participation by Transnational A cto rs ................................................................................ 4 88 IV. A MODEST PROPOSAL FOR IMPROVING THE U.S. ANTI- TRAFFICKING SANCTIONS REGIME ........................................... 492 V . C ONCLUSION ............................................................................ 493 * Practitioner-in-Residence, American University Washington College of Law. J.D., Harvard Law School; B.A., Yale University. An earlier version of this Article was presented at the Feminism and Law Workshop at the University of Toronto, Faculty of Law (Spring 2004). The author is grateful to Rebecca Cook, Anne Gallagher, Lois Chiang, Karen Knop, Ayelet Shachar, Ashley Parrish, Ann Shalleck, Alice Miller, Muneer Ahmad, and the practitioners-in- residence at Washington College of Law for their encouragement and insightful comments on earlier drafts of this Article. Special thanks to Sheri Glaser and Bobby Mullins for their re- search assistance.

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