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18 Mich. J. Gender & L. 1 (2011-2012)
Women, Vulnerability, and Humanitarian Emergencies

handle is hein.journals/mjgl18 and id is 3 raw text is: WOMEN, VULNERABILITY, AND HUMANITARIAN EMERGENCIES 'Fionnuala 7\( cfolain* INTRODUCTION * 1 I. GENDER AND VULNERABILITY IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMANITARIAN CRISIS * 4 II. MASCULINITY IN HUMANITARIAN EMERGENCIES * 14 III. ENGENDERING SECURITY * 19 CONCLUSION * 22 INTRODUCTION The catastrophic dimensions of humanitarian emergencies are in- creasingly understood and more visible to states and international institutions.' There is greater appreciation for the social, economic and political effects that follow in the short to long term from the devastat- ing consequences of humanitarian emergencies.2 There is also recognition of the gendered dimensions of humanitarian emergencies in policy and institutional contexts.! It is generally acknowledged that Professor Fionnuala Ni Aoliin, Dorsey & Whitney Chair in Law University of Minnesota Law School and Co-Director Transitional Justice Institute, University of Ulster. With thanks to Elizabeth Super for research assistance to facilitate the completion of this Article. 1. RAYON E. WEIST, JANE S.P. MOCELLIN & D. THANDIWE MoRTsIsI, THE NEEDS OF WOMEN IN DISASTERS AND EMERGENCIES, at ix-x (1994). 2. The term humanitarian emergency is broadly used in this analysis. I draw inter alia on Byrne and Baden's 6-pronged classification which includes: 1) emergencies of natural rapid onset (e.g. earthquakes, cyclones); 2) emergencies of technological rapid onset (e.g. fuel, chemical and nuclear accidents); 3) emergencies of slow onset (trig- gered by natural disasters such as drought and pest attacks); 4) permanent emergencies (e.g. structural poverty); 5) emergencies of mass population displace- ments; and 6) 'complex' emergencies (generally associated with civil war and armed conflicts). See BRIDGET BYRNE WITH SALLY BADEN, GENDER, EMERGENCIES AND HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE 6 (BRIDGE Institute of Development Studies, Bright- on, Report No. 33, 1995). 3. See, e.g., Supriya Akerkar, Disaster Mitigation and Furthering Women's Rights in the Asian Tsumani, 11 GENDER TECH AND DEV. 357 (2007); Naeema Al Gasseer et al., Status of Women and Infants in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies, 49 J. MIDWIFERY & WOMEN'S HEALTH 7 (2004); Richard J. Brennan & Robin Nandy, Complex Hu- manitarian Emergencies: A Major Global Health Challenge, 13 EMERGENCY MED 147, 152-53 (2001); Sarah Fisher, Violence against Women and Natural Disasters: Findings 1

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