Sexual Violence Directed against Men and Boys in Armed Conflict or Mass Atrocity: Addressing a Gendered Harm in International Criminal Tribunals
![handle is hein.journals/jilwirl10 and id is 115 raw text is: Sexual Violence Directed Against Men and Boys in
Armed Conflict or Mass Atrocity:
Addressing a Gendered Harm in International Criminal
Tribunals
VALERIE OOSTERVELD
I. INTRODUCTION ................................... .......... .........107
II. RECOGNITION BY INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNALS OF
MALE-TARGETED SEXUAL VIOLENCE............. .................110
III. INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW AND THE FACTUAL GAP
ON SEXUAL VIOLENCE DIRECTED AGAINST MEN AND BOYS...........115
IV. INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW AND THE SOCIAL GAP
ON SEXUAL VIOLENCE DIRECTED AGAINST MEN AND BOYS...........119
V. INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW AND LEGAL GAPS
ON SEXUAL VIOLENCE DIRECTED AGAINST MEN AND BOYS...........120
VI. CONCLUSION..................................... .......... .........126
I. Introduction
Men and boys are targeted for sexual violence during armed conflict or
other forms of mass atrocity, but this fact has received relatively little
attention within the international community.' The recent conflicts taking
place in Syria and Libya provide stark illustrations of sexual violence
directed against males. For example, the February 2013 report of the United
Nations (UN)-appointed Independent International Commission of Inquiry
on Syria examined numerous reports of sexual violence taking place during
Associate Professor, University of Western Ontario Faculty of Law. I wish to thank Alexandra
MacKenzie for her superb research assistance, Prof. Margaret Martin for her helpful comments,
and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada for funding my research.
Any errors are my own.
1 Sandesh Sivakumaran, Prosecuting Sexual Violence Against Men and Boys in Anne-Marie
de Brouwer et al, eds, Sexual Violence as an International Crime: Interdisciplinary Approaches
(Antwerp: Intersentia, 2013) 79 at 79, 93 [Sivakumaran, Prosecuting].
@ 2014 Journal of International Law and International Relations
Vol 10, pages 107-128. ISSN: 1712-2988.](ViewImageLocal?handle=hein.journals/jilwirl10&div=10&collection=&method=preview&ext=.png&size=3)
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