About | HeinOnline Law Journal Library | HeinOnline Law Journal Library | HeinOnline
LOG IN
LOG IN

17 J. Int'l Wildlife L. & Pol'y 1 (2014)

handle is hein.journals/intwlp17 and id is 1 raw text is: Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy, 17:1 31, 2014 Routledge Copyright c Taylor & Francis Group, LLC j Taylor&Francis Group ISSN: 1388-0292 print/1548-1476 online DOI: 10.1080/13880292.2014.932166 Human-Wildlife Conflict in Maasai Mara National Reserve: Demonstrating the Need for an International Framework on Wildlife-Based Tourism LEXIE REVORD LARKIN* Over the last decade, wildlife-based tourism has grown into Kenya's leading foreign exchange earner' and a major contributor to the country's economic livelihood, account[ing] for 70% of... gross tourism earnings [in 2006], 25% of the Goss Domestic Product (GDP)[,] and more than 10% of ... formal ... employment.'2 In 2007, wildlife-based tourism's direct contribution to Kenya's GDP was over US $1.4 billion.3 But Kenya is not alone: [d]espite economic challenges in many markets, [returns] for 2011 are estimated at US[ ]$1,030 billion worldwide, [up] 3.9% from 2010. In January 2012, studies [issued] by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) show a growth of [between] 3% [and] 4% in international tourist arrivals for 2012. From 2010 to 2030, arrivals to emerging economies are expected to increase at double the pace of those to advanced economies .4 But the continuing conflicts between indigenous human and wildlife populations as a result of wildlife-based tourism both inside and outside of protected areas (PAs) could jeopardize the industry's sustainability in Kenya . Attorney, Harris & Hunt, PA., Tampa, Florida. Email: lexie@harrishuntpa.com. 'Foreign exchange earner refers to proceeds from the export of goods and services of a country and the returns from foreign investments. 2 Roselyne N. Okech, Wildife Community Conflicts in Conservation Areas in Kenya, 10 AFv. J. CONFLICT REsOL. 65, 66 (2010). 3P. Chardonnet & S. Le Bel, The Value of Wildlife Tourism: Perspective from Sub-Saharan Africa, in COMPENDIUM OF THE OIE GLOBAL CONFERENCE OF WILDLIFE 19, 22 (2011). 4 Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, Eleventh Meeting, Hyderabad, India, 8 19 October 2012, Tourism and Biodiversity: Review of the Implementation of the Guidelines on Biodiversity and Tourism Development, 2, U.N. Doc. UNEP/CBD/COP/1 IINF/52/Rev. 1 (2 October 2012). Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be found online at www.tandfonline.com/uwlp.

What Is HeinOnline?

HeinOnline is a subscription-based resource containing thousands of academic and legal journals from inception; complete coverage of government documents such as U.S. Statutes at Large, U.S. Code, Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulations, U.S. Reports, and much more. Documents are image-based, fully searchable PDFs with the authority of print combined with the accessibility of a user-friendly and powerful database. For more information, request a quote or trial for your organization below.



Short-term subscription options include 24 hours, 48 hours, or 1 week to HeinOnline.

Purchase Access

Contact us for annual subscription options:

Contact Us

Already a HeinOnline Subscriber?

Log In

profiles profiles most