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136 Int'l Lab. Rev. 49 (1997)
Atypical Employment in the European Union

handle is hein.journals/intlr136 and id is 59 raw text is: International Labour Review, Vol. 136 (1997), No. 1 (Spring) Atypical employment in the European Union Andries DE GRIP,* Jeroen HOEVENBERG * and Ed WILLEMS * The increase in various forms of atypical employment has become a central issue for labour market policy in the European Union (EU). On the one hand, it is interpreted as a positive development, in the sense that it indicates greater labour market flexibility. On the other, it is a matter of growing concern for policy-makers as it reflects further weakening of the labour market position of groups of workers whose position is already weak. This article focuses on the two major forms of atypical employment relations - part-time and temporary employment - and examines their significance in the various member States of the EU. In contrast to most other studies, which have analysed the national or sectoral importance of part-time and temporary work, the following analysis focuses on the occupational groups in which these workers are employed. The two research questions the article attempts to answer are: - Is there convergence or divergence between the EU member States in the prevalence of atypical employment relations in the various occupational groups? - To what extent do supply-side personal characteristics and demand-side occupational characteristics determine atypical employment relations? Before these questions are addressed, however, some stylized facts will be given on the frequency of atypical employment relations in the various occupational groups and countries and on the relations between atypical employment, the rate of (youth) unemployment and female participation rates. The empirical analyses are based on EUROSTAT Labour Force Survey data on employment by occupational group for 11 member States of the EU. The occupational groups refer to the 1-digit level of the 1968 International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO). For the year 1991, the focus is on a cross-country analysis, whereas the convergence analyses refer to the period 1983-91. Unfortunately the data available for 1992 and 1993 cannot be * Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market (ROA), Maastricht University. Copyright © International Labour Organization 1997

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