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65 Int. J. Offender Therapy & Comp. Criminology 3 (2021)

handle is hein.journals/ijotcc65 and id is 1 raw text is: Article Low Self-Control, Victimization, and Financial Hardship: Does Low Self-Control Moderate the Relationship Between Strain and Criminal International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 2021, Vol. 65(1) 3-23 © The Author(s) 2020 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI: 10.1 177/0306624X2090921 I journals.sagepub.com/home/ijo OSAGE Involvement? Cashen M. Boccio' and Kevin M. Beaver23 Abstract General strain theory has been widely supported by empirical research. Research concerning possible individual-level moderators of the effects of strain, however, has yielded considerably mixed results. The current study addresses this gap in the literature by examining whether levels of self-control moderate the relationship between strain and criminal involvement in a large nationally representative sample. Our findings reveal that strain and levels of self-control have both additive and interactive effects on criminal involvement. To illustrate, respondents who were exposed to higher levels of strain reported more criminal involvement than respondents exposed to lower levels of strain. Similarly, lower levels of self-control were associated with higher levels of criminal involvement. In addition, levels of self- control were found to moderate the association between experiencing strain and two of the criminal involvement measures. Furthermore, the results suggest that the relationships among strain, self-control, and criminal involvement may vary across gender and forms of strain. Keywords strain, low self-control, criminal behavior 'The University of Texas at San Antonio, USA 2Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA 3King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Corresponding Author: Cashen M. Boccio, Department of Criminology & Criminal Justice, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 501 W. Cesar Chavez Blvd., San Antonio, TX 78207-4415, USA. Email: Cashen.boccio@utsa.edu

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