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114 Harv. L. Rev. 961 (2000-2001)
Fairness Versus Welfare

handle is hein.journals/hlr114 and id is 989 raw text is: VOLUME 114                        FEBRUARY 2001                            NUMBER 4
HARVARD LAW REVIEW
ARTICLE
FAIRNESS VERSUS WELFARE
Louis Kaplow and Steven Shavell
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I.  IN T R O D U C T IO N   ..........................9.......................... -----------. --------------------------------------------.....967
II. WELFARE ECONOMICS AND NOTIONS OF FAIRNESS...................................................976
A. Welfare Economics ........................................................ -............ 977
1. Individuals' Well-being........................................................-- - - -979
2. Social Welfare and Individuals' Well-being....................................................985
3. Comments on Social Welfare and the Distribution of Income...........................989
4. Concluding Remark ....................................................... .........998
B. Notions of Fairness ............................................................................999
i. The Basic Nature of Notions of Fairness .......................................................999
2.  Further Comments on  Notions of Fairness ...........................................................1005
(a)  M eaning............................................------..... - .... ----------....1005
(b) Nonconsequentialist Character ............................................................................1006
(c) Ex Post Character ........................................................1007
(d) Concluding Remark .....................................................1010
C. Overview of Our Argument................................................................1011
1. The Argument for Welfare Economics and Against Notions of Fairness ............1o11
2. On the Rationale for Notions of Fairness..........................................1017
D. Notions of Fairness and Social Norms ....................................-. ........1021
1. The Nature of Social Norms.................................................. .........1021
2. Implications for the Role of Notions of Fairness in Legal Policy Analysis..........1028
III.  TORTS  .............................- ............. . .. ... ----. ----..-...............................................1039
A. Welfare Economics and Tort Law.....................................1039
B. Notions of Fairness and Tort Law ........................................................1040
1.  Notions of Fairness.................................................... .... ...............1040
2. Comments on the Literature...................................................................1044
C. Welfare Economics Versus Fairness in Paradigmatic Accident Situations...............1052
x. Reciprocal Accidents............................................1052
(a)  Description  ........................................................ ............... .......1052
(b) Effects of the Legal Rules ...............................................................1053

961

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