Black Neighborhoods becoming Black Cities: Group Empowerment, Local Control and the Implications of Being Darker than Brown
![handle is hein.journals/hcrcl23 and id is 425 raw text is: BLACK NEIGHBORHOODS BECOMING BLACK
CITIES: GROUP EMPOWERMENT, LOCAL CONTROL
AND THE IMPLICATIONS OF BEING DARKER THAN
BROWN
[T]he residents of out community have never received
a fair share of anything from Boston, except neglect.
-Andrew Jones'
The [Mandela] proposal is fiscally unsound as well as
racially and morally undesirable.
-Boston Globe editorial2
[This is a referendum on whether we continue to work
to make the political bodies, the economic and cultural
life of this city open to all and reflective of the diversity
of this city.
-Charles Stith3
Introduction
In 1982 and again in 1983, the residents of East Palo Alto,
California, voted on a proposal to incorporate their predomi-
nantly minority community. After a contentious debate, a slim
majority of voters in both elections chose to approve the pro-
posal rather than remain unincorporated or press for annexation
to a nearby white, affluent municipality.
In 1986, activists in primarily black and Latino low-income
neighborhoods proposed separating from Boston and incorpo-
I Jones, Question 9: Vote Yes to Build a City of Power, Pride, Boston Globe, Nov.
1, 1986, at 15, col. 1.
2 Boston Globe, Oct. 23, 1986, at 16, col. 1.
3 Stith, Vote No: Entire City Making Progress, Boston Globe, Nov. 1, 1986, at 15,
col. 2.](ViewImageLocal?handle=hein.journals/hcrcl23&div=21&collection=&method=preview&ext=.png&size=3)
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Black Neighborhoods becoming Black Cities: Group Empowerment, Local Control and the Implications of Being Darker than Brown
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