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85 Geo. L.J. 491 (1996-1997)
Majoritarian Judicial Review: The Entrenchment Problem

handle is hein.journals/glj85 and id is 511 raw text is: ARTICLES Majoritarian Judicial Review: The Entrenchment Problem MICHAEL J. KLARMAN* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ...................................... 492 II. ENTRENCHMENT DEFINED-LEGISLATIVE AND CROSS-ThMPORAL . . 502 III. ANTI-ENTRENCHMENT THEORY APPLIED-ELECTORAL ISSUES .... 509 A. TERM LIMITS ..................................... 509 B. MALAPPORTIONMENT ............................... 513 C. GERRYMANDERING ................................. 515 D. THE SCOPE OF THE POLITICAL COMMUNITY .................... 517 E. BALLOT ACCESS RESTRICTIONS ........................ 521 F. CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM .......................... 522 G. MINORITY VOTE DILUTION ............................ 523 H. MINORITY VOTING DISTRICTS .......................... 526 IV. PROBLEMS WITH APPLYING ANTI-ENTRENCHMENT THEORY ....... 528 A. WHAT ARE ANTI-ENTRENCHMENT COURTS TO DO? ............... 528 1. Term Limits ................................. 530 2. M alapportionment ............................. 531 3. Gerrymandering .............................. 533 4. The Scope of the Political Community ................. 534 5. Ballot Access Restrictions ....................... 535 * Professor of Law, University of Virginia. I am indebted to the following people for extremely helpful comments on earlier drafts: John Hart Ely, Barry Friedman, Pam Karlan, Jody Kraus, Hal Krent, Daryl Levinson, Fred Schauer, Mike Seidman, and Bill Stuntz. I am also grateful to Clay Gillette, Jack Goldsmith, John Harrison, Saul Levmore, Paul Mahoney, Dan Ortiz, Ted White, and to participants in a University of Virginia School of Law summer roundtable and in the inaugural Virginia Constitutional Law workshop for helpful discussion of particular points. Rebecca Edwards, Melissa Mather, and Chris Meyer provided first-rate research assistance.

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