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40 Fletcher F. World Aff. 1 (2016)

handle is hein.journals/forwa40 and id is 1 raw text is: THE FLETCHER FORUM of WORLD AFFAIRS THE FLETCHER SCHOOL, TUFTS UNIVERSITY WINTER 2016 VOL.40:1 $11.00 USA EDITOR'S NOTE At the beginning of 2015, international institutions, regimes, and relationships are transforming at an unprecedented pace. Some are moving toward greater cooperation, as marked by the United States' diplomatic engagement with Cuba and Iran, the climate agreements achieved at the Paris Conference, and the increasingly cohesive multi-national coalition against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. Other aspects of the global architecture are crumbling, with actors challenging both international and regional institutions. 'The recent pros- pect of of Greek exit from the Eurozone, while no longer an imminent threat, drew attention to the limits of European unity-not only threat- ening economic and political integration, but also highlighting conflicts over culture, values, and identity. The principle of self-determination continues to reverberate worldwide, and in some cases promises to undo borders from the last century's wars, for better or worse. Escalating nation- alism in Taiwan may bring the island into direct conflict with a strength- ening China, while reunification campaigns on the Korean Peninsula seek to shift the status quo-and both events may force the United States to adopt a more decisive policy in Asia. The map of the Middle East is changing, both despite and due to the efforts of the counter-ISIL coalition, as new consolidations of power threaten the region's historic mosaic of identities, ethnicities, and beliefs. As actors diverge and borders fray, what elements of the international system will hold? The conversations in the first half of this issue both acknowledge and seek to narrow this widening gap between architecture and reality in the inter- national order. First, BAYAN SAMI ABDUL RAHMAN draws on Kurdish history and identity to shape her vision of Kurdistan's new stabilizing role in the Middle East, in conjunction with MINA AL-ORAIBI's case for the recovery and survival of the Iraqi state. Turning to fragile states elsewhere, SCOTT STRAUS discusses the relationship between civil society, national VOL.40:I WINTER 2o16

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