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25 Foreign Aff. 503 (1946-1947)
Nationalism and Politics in Malaya

handle is hein.journals/fora25 and id is 513 raw text is: NATIONALISM AND POLITICS IN MALAYA By P. T. Bauer T HE controversial issues in Malaya which came to a head in 1946 were constitutional in character, bearing on the status -of the Straits Settlements and the Malay States within the British Empire. But beneath the legal aspect of the question are complex political, economic and racial problems. They involve the relationship of Chinese and Indian immigrants to the native Malay population and the relation of all these to the white man, whose prestige, here as elsewhere in the east, was damaged -con- siderably by the events of the Second World War. The group of territories commonly called British Malaya com- prised in 1941 the crown colony of the Straits Settlements and the British-protected Malay States. The Straits Settlements include the islands of Singapore and Penang, and Malacca and Province Wellesley on the mainland. These settlements are former British, Dutch and Portuguese trading posts which came under British rule in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. As in all other crown colonies, the British Crown exercised full sovereignty. The chief administrative officer was the Governor of the Straits Settlements. A person born in the Straits Settlements (as in all other crown colonies) was dejure a British subject. There were in 1941 four Federated Malay States and six Un- federated States., They were not tradingcommunities but pro- ducers of staple raw materials, notably rubber and tin ore, co- conuts and palm oil. Formally, they were British protected states, not colonies. Their political relations with the British Empire date from the second half of the nineteenth century, when British intervention in the affairs of the almost wholly undeveloped Malayan mainland took place, generally in response to appeals by articipants in local quarrels. The expeditions usually ended with the conclusion of a treaty with the local ruler. These treaties were the legal basis of the relation between Great Britain and the Malay States down to 1941. With small variations the treaties provided that the local I The four Federated States were Perak, Selangor, Negri Sembilan and Pahang; the six Unfed- erated were Johore, Kedah, Kelantan, Trengganu, Perils and Brunei - the last named, however, actually in Borneo.

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