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12 Eur. Food & Feed L. Rev. 22 (2017)
Insects as Food and Feed: Laws of the European Union, United States, Canada, Mexico, Australia, and China

handle is hein.journals/effl2017 and id is 28 raw text is: 22 | Insects as Food and Feed Insects as Food and Feed: Laws of the European Union, United States, Canada, Mexico, Australia, and China Anu Lahteenmaki-Uutela, Nicole Grmelovd, Louise HInault-Ethier, Marie-HIldne Deschamps, Grant W Vandenberg, Ai Zhao, Yumei Zhang, Baoru Yang and Vivek Nemane* Legal rules on the use of insects as feed and food vary across the world. Precise rules on safety, marketing, and animal welfare are largely missing. In the EU, United States and Canada, in- sects are novel and legally treated as such. In Mexico, Australia, and China, many species of in- sects have a long tradition of food and/or feed use. We believe recognizing the history of safe use in other countries is fair risk management in insect regulation. Harmonized standards on safety, marketing, and animal welfare would facilitate sustainable growth of the insect business. 1. Introduction Insects are interesting as food and feed ingredients for reasons of resource efficiency, circular economy and climate change.1,2 Further reasons for commer cial interest include their nutrition content and the mere possibility to add variety to diets. Specific laws on the food and feed use of insects are largely miss- ing. Existing laws vary greatly across the world, which hinders innovation and trade. In the follow- ing chapters, the applicable rules of the European Union (EU), North America (Unites States, Canada, and Mexico), Australia, and China are described. 11. European Union 1. Introduction In the EU, there is a lack of guidelines on the mass- rearing of insects and a lack of rules on their food Anu Lihteenmliki-Uutela, Turku School of Economics, Pori unit, University of Turku, Finland, anmlaht@utu.fi; Nicole Grmelovi, University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic, nicole.grmelo- va@vse.cz; Louise H~nault-Ethier, David Suzuki Foundation and D~partement des sciences animales, Facult6 des sciences de I'agri- culture et de Ialimentation, Universit6 Laval, 2325, rue de l'Univer- site, Quebec (Quebec), G1V OA6, Canada, louisehenaultethier@hot- mail.com; Marie-H6line Deschamps, Universit6 Laval ibid., marie- helene.deschamps.1 @ulaval.ca; Grant W. Vandenberg, Universit6 Laval ibid., grant.vandenberg@fsaa.ulaval.ca; Ai Zhao, Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China, xiaochaai@163.com; Yumei Zhang, ibid., zhangyumei@bjmu.edu.cn; Baoru Yang, Food Chem- and feed use. However, there is considerable interest among scientists, growers and food producers in de- veloping the business, and pressure towards EU lev- el regulation that would widely allow the use of in- sects as food and feed and define the rules on safety, marketing, and animal welfare. 2. Insects as Food Insects are novel foods in the EU. EU rules on food hygiene (852/2004), animal-origin food hygiene (853/2004) and the microbiological criteria on food- stuffs (2073/2005) do not currently have any spe- cific rules for foods made of insects. In the future, additions to these regulations will be necessary. Regulation 853/2004 includes the requirements on the hygiene of specific types of animal origin-foods. These rules are in Annex III, sections I-XIV. A sep- arate hygiene rule section will be needed for in- sects. istry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, Universi- ty of Turku, Finland, baoru.yang@utu.fi; Vivek Nemane, Australian Centre for Agriculture and Law, vnemane@myune.edu.au. Luise H~nault-Ethier wishes to thank Recyc-Qudbec for a scholar- ship that has allowed the participation in this publication. 1 A. Van Huis, J. Van Itterbeeck, H. Klunder, E. Mertens et al., Edible insects: future prospects for food and feed security. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2013, Rome. 2 A. Van Huis, M. Dicke and J.J.A.v. Loon, Insects to feed the world, journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 2015, 1: pp.3 et sqq., doi:doi:10.3920/J1FF2015.x002. EFFL 1|2017

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