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7 Unif. L. Rev. n.s. 1047 (2002)
Drafting a New Civil Code and Code of Civil Procedure in Cambodia with Japanese Technical Assistance

handle is hein.journals/droit2002 and id is 1059 raw text is: 









Drafting a New Civil Code and Code of Civil Procedure
in  Cambodia with Japanese Technical Assistance

MONG   Monichariya  * -  TANAKA  Kazuko  **


1. - HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

From  the emergence  of Democratic Kampuchea   in 1975, and during the regime of the
People's Republic of Kampuchea,   Cambodia  experienced  two decades  of civil war in
which  many   institutions, structures and legal documentary sources were destroyed
and  many  people,  particularly highly educated people such  as judges, prosecutors
and  lawyers, lost.their lives, especially under the Khmer rouge regime. Backed by the
United  Nations, a  new  Government   was  subsequently  elected by the  Cambodian
people  based on democracy,  a multiparty system and a constitutional monarchy.
     When   the new  Royal Government   was  established in 1993, Cambodian  society
was  without  those  basic institutions and structures normally associated with  the
protection of fundamental human  rights and the functioning of a free market economy;
that is to say, it had no independent judiciary, no legal professionals, no effective, non-
political civil service, no free press, and so on. While the Constitutional framework set
the  stage for reconstruction, the Government took the view that the successful
implementation  and enforcement  of constitutional safeguards and provisions related to
individual rights and freedoms and the protection .of private property depended on its
ability to rebuild and strengthen many of the basic institutions of Government and the
emerging'civil society. A properly administered and fully operational law and justice
system,  it.was felt, was necessary not only for the proper  resolution of individual
disputes, but also in order to uphold the rule of law and to revitalise the economy.
     In 1996, the  Royal Government   of Cambodia   announced  The  First Social and
Economic   Development  Plan 1996-2000, in which legal and judicial reform was listed
among   the urgent tasks to be performed. The  Cambodian   Government   has received
assistance and support in, bringing about this legal and judicial reform from countries
such  as  France (mainly  in drafting the Criminal Code  and  the Code   of Criminal


          Judge at the Supreme Court, Kingdom of Cambodia;. Member of the Study Group set up by the
Cambodian Ministry of Justice with a view to the preparation of the Civil Code and Code of Civil Procedure
of Cambodia. Judge Monichariya was responsible in particular for the section on the Civil Code reproduced
in this article.
          Lecturer (Government Attorney), International Co-operation Department, Research* and
Training Institute of the Ministry of Justice, Japan. Views and.opinions expressed in-this article are solely her
own. Ms Tanaka was responsible as Secretary for the preparation of the Code of Civil Procedure reproduced
in this article . .         -                              -      -


Rev. dr. unit. 2002-4


1047

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