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14 Duke J. Gender L. & Pol'y 1311 (2007)
Cultural Differences in Perceptions of and Responses to Sexual Harassment

handle is hein.journals/djglp14 and id is 1315 raw text is: CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN PERCEPTIONS OF AND RESPONSES TO SEXUAL HARASSMENT JENNIFER ZIMBROFF* IN TRO D U CTIO N ........................................................................................................... 1311 I. HISTORY OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT LEGISLATION ............................................. 1312 II. EXAMPLES OF DIFFERING CULTURAL VIEWPOINTS REGARDING SEXUAL HARASSMENT AND PERCEPTION OF THE HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT ................... 1320 A. Brazil as an Example of South American Culture ................................. 1321 B . E u ro p e ......................................................................................................... 1323 C . A sia .............................................................................................................. 13 23 III. MAJOR MODELS OF CROSS-CULTURAL UNDERSTANDING APPLIED TO SEXUAL H ARA SSM EN T ........................................................................................ 1325 IV. THE DOCTRINE OF ORDERED LIBERTY AS APPLICABLE TO THE PERCEPTION OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT .............................................................. 1332 V. THE LEGAL RELEVANCE OF CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH IN SEXUAL HARASSMENT PERCEPTION AND REPORTING: EDUCATION, LITIGATION, AND POLICY .................................................................................. 1335 A . E d u cation .................................................................................................... 1335 B . L itig ation ..................................................................................................... 1335 C . Policy and Standards ................................................................................. 1338 C O N CLU SIO N .............................................................................................................. 1341 INTRODUCTION Globalization continues to fuel multiculturalism and diversity in the workplace, and few employers can afford to ignore the culturally-based experiences that their employees bring to their work lives.' In this context, sexual harassment must be understood in terms of cross-cultural perspectives. Even within a single culture, the definition of sexual harassment is often misunderstood and is the subject of considerable debate in legal, psychological, and human resource management literature, both domestically and abroad Defining the concept of sexual harassment becomes even more complex and controversial in multicultural environments where culturally-derived values * J.D., Duke University School of Law, expected May 2008; B.A., Psychology and Political Science, Stanford University, 2005. 1. Greetje Timmerman & Cristien Bajema, Sexual Harassment in Northwest Europe, 6 EUR. J. WOMEN'S STUD. 419,435 (Nov. 1999). 2. See Shu Li & Song Mei Lee-Wong, A Study on Singaporeans' Perceptions of Sexual Harassment From a Cross-Cultural Perspective, 35 J. APPLIED SOC. PSYCHOL. 699, 701-02 (Apr. 2005). 1311

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