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21 Annu. Rep. A.B.A. 603 (1898)
Educational Franchises

handle is hein.journals/anraba21 and id is 603 raw text is: EDUCATIONAL FRANCHISES. BY EDWARD AVERY HARRIMAN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. A franchise, according to Blackstone, is a royal privilege, a branch of the king's prerogative, subsisting in the hands of a subject. An educational franchise, therefore, is a right to do something in connection with education that may not law- fully be done without a grant of power from the sovereign. The only matter touching education in regard to which one may not act freely without a franchise is the granting of degrees. A degree is defined in Mr. Rawle's edition of Bou- vier's Law Dictionary as follows :- An honorable state or condition to which a student is advanced in testimony of pro- ficiency in arts and sciences. Degrees are of two kinds, which may be termed respect- ively scholastic and professional. A scholastic degree is con- ferred by some body of scholars authorized by the sovereign to bestow such degrees. Scholastic degrees are of two kinds, ordinary and honorary. Ordinary degrees are conferred in token that the recipient possesses certain scholastic attain- ments. Honorary degrees are conferred upon those whom the degree-conferring body wishes for any reason to honor. In speaking of degrees, these scholastic degrees are ordinarily the only degrees referred to. There is, however, another class of degrees no less important, namely, professional degrees. A professional degree is conferred by some officer or professional body authorized by the sovereign to confer such degrees. Such a degree operates as a certificate of fitness to practice the profession in question, and ordinarily as a license to practice such profession. (603)

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