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47 Am. Crim. L. Rev. 889 (2010)
Perjury

handle is hein.journals/amcrimlr47 and id is 893 raw text is: PERJURY I. INTRODUCTION ....... 889 A. Section 1621: False Testimony Generally ............... 890 B .Section 1623: False Testimnnv to (nurt or Grand Jury Ro2 C. Section 1622: Subornation of Perjury .................. 893 II. ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE .............................. 893 A. Oath.......................................... 894 B. Intent ......................................... 895 1. Section 1621: Willfulness and Knowledge of Falsity .... 895 2. Section 1623: Knowledge of Falsity ...... C. Falsity .............................. D . M ateriality ........................... E. Key Distinctions between §§ 1621 and 1623 . . . 1. Two-Witness Rule................... 2. Use of False Material................ 3. Inconsistent Declarations ............. IU . DEFENSES ................................ A. Recantation........................... 1. Section 1621....................... 2. Section 1623....................... B. Assistance of Counsel ................... C. Double Jeopardy....................... D. Perjury Trap .......................... E. Fifth Amendment....................... IV. SENTENCING .............................. ..... ..... 895 .......... 896 ....... ... 900 . ......... 903 .......... 904 .......... 905 .. ........ 906 .......... 907 .......... 907 .......... 907 .......... 908 .......... 908 .......... 909 .......... 910 .......... 911 .......... 912 I. INTRODUCTION Truthful testimony is essential to the administration of justice and the functional capacity of every branch of government. Because every branch and level of government relies upon sworn testimony, the integrity of governmental processes depends in large part on the truthfulness of statements made under oath.' In an 1. See ABF Freight Sys., Inc. v. NLRB, 510 U.S. 317, 323 (1994) (False testimony in a formal proceeding is intolerable. We must neither reward nor condone such a 'flagrant affront' to the truth-seeking function of adversary proceedings. (quoting United States v. Mandujano, 425 U.S. 564, 576-577 (1976))); United States v. Norris, 217 F.3d 262, 274 (5th Cir. 2000) (Perjury ... is a serious offense that results in incalculable harm to the ... integrity of the legal system as well as to private individuals. (quoting United States v. Holland, 22 F.3d 1040, 1047 (11th Cir. 1994))). See generally Richard Underwood, Perjury: An Anthology, 13 Atuz. J. INT'L & ComP. L. 307, 329-35 (1996) ([Dletermining the truth is the bare minimum necessary to a well-functioning system of justice; therefore we have perjury provisions that punish severely those who lie.). 889

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