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24 B.U. Int'l L.J. 15 (2006)
Military Commissions: Problems of Authority and Practice

handle is hein.journals/builj24 and id is 19 raw text is: MILITARY COMMISSIONS: PROBLEMS OF AUTHORITY AND PRACTICE Louis Fisher* INTRODUCTION ...................................................... 15 I. A SYSTEM OF SEPARATION OF POWERS ................... 16 A. John Andr 's Precedent ................................ 17 B. Congressional Authority ............................... 19 C. Andrew Jackson's Exploits ............................ 21 D . The M exican War ..................................... 23 E. Scope of Executive Authority .......................... 25 II. THE CIVIL W AR PERIOD .................................. 26 A . Tribunal Procedures ................................... 27 B. D akota Indians ........................................ 28 C. Other Civil War Precedents ............................ 29 III. REVISING THE ARTICLES OF WAR ......................... 30 A . H earings in 1912 ...................................... 31 B. Concurrent Jurisdiction ................................ 32 IV. THE NAZI SABOTEUR CASE ............................... 34 A . W hy a Tribunal? ...................................... 35 B. A bsence of Rules ...................................... 36 C. The Supreme Court Enters ............................ 36 D . The Per Curiam ....................................... 38 E . A ssessm ents ........................................... 39 V. OTHER WORLD WAR II TRIALS ........................... 41 A. M artial Law in Hawaii ................................ 41 B. General Yamashita .................................... 42 C. Vietnam Standards ..................................... 46 V I. IMPARTIALITY ................................................ 47 VII. THE HAMDAN DECISION .................................... 48 V III. CONCLUSIONS ............................................... 51 INTRODUCTION In deciding to authorize military commissions on November 13, 2001, President Bush relied primarily on the Supreme Court's decision in Ex * Specialist in Constitutional Law. Ph.D., New School for Social Research, 1967; B.S., College of William and Mary, 1956. The views expressed here are personal, not institutional.

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