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              Congressional
              SResearch Service





Mexico: Challenges for U.S. Policymakers

in   2021



March 15, 2021
Mexico, atop U.S. trade partner and neighbor, could play a key role in addressing several challenges
facing U.S. policymakers in 2021. Although President Andres Manuel L6pez Obrador initially delayed
congratulating President Joe Biden on his electoral victory, the leaders now have spoken twice and have
held a virtual meeting. During that March 1 meeting, they committed to collaborate on bilateral and
regional migration issues and on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) response and recovery, while
reaffirming the importance of security cooperation and anti-corruption efforts. Each of those issues could
test U.S. -Mexican relations, with tension in one area of the relationship potentially hindering cooperation
in others. Most experts maintain the best way for both countries to weather such challenges is to continue
working together and with Canada to ensure the best possible outcomes for North America.

Migration
The Trump  Administration's approach to Mexico de-emphasized human rights and corruption concerns in
favor of a narrow focus on migration control. Under the threat of U.S. tariffs, the L6pez Obrador
administration accommodated U.S. border and asylum policy changes that shifted the burden of
interdicting migrants and hosting asylum seekers from the United States to Mexico. Many human rights
advocates expressed serious concerns about U.S. policies, however, and it was unclear how long Mexico
would continue to devote resources to deterring and hosting primarily Central American migrants.
President Biden has announced executive actions on immigration, many of which revise restrictive
policies implemented by the Trump Administration. President Biden also proposed a comprehensive
immigration reform bill, introduced as the U.S. Citizenship Act (S. 348/H.R. 1177). As the top country of
origin for unauthorized immigrants in the United States, and the recipient of more than $40 billion of
remittances in 2020, Mexico could benefit from pathways to legal status included in that and other bills.
However, the Biden Administration likely will require assistance from Mexico as it seeks to end policies
restricting the availability of asylum and other protections for migrants at the Southwest border without
overwhelming U. S. agencies' processing capacity.
Until pandemic-related restrictions on asylum processing end, Mexico will continue to receive non-
Mexican adults expelled by U.S. officials; at the same time, Mexico is no longer accepting non-Mexican
unaccompanied  children and families at some ports of entry due to a new law that took effect in January.
                                                                 Congressional Research Service
                                                                 https://crsreports.congress.gov
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