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1 1 (May 08, 2020)

handle is hein.crs/govdaay0001 and id is 1 raw text is: _ .......... 10 gm 0 ILI Updated May 8, 2020 COVID-19: Global Implications and Responses Congressional interest in the global implications of pandemics and the novel coronavirus pandemic is high, with over 50 pieces of related legislation introduced in the 116th Congress to date (see CRS Report R46319, Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): Q&A on Global Implications and Responses).The virus, which is believed to have started in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, is now named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) and is known by the disease it causes, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus has spread across the globe and is now concentrated in the United States and Europe (Figure 1). As of May 7, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 3.6 million people had contracted the disease, with over 250,000 deaths. WHO declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on January 30 and labeled it a pandemic on March 11. TIhe Vi,.um Coronaviruses are a large family of zoonotic viruses- viruses transmissible between animals and humans-that can cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The most common symptoms among confirmed COVID-19 patients include dry cough, shortness of breath, and fever. Data suggest that older adults and those with preexisting medical conditions (such as high blood pressure, heart and lung disease, cancer, and diabetes) are more likely to be severely sickened or die from COVID-19. Although more than 3.5 million COVID-19 cases have been confirmed globally, many health experts suspect the true case count is significantly higher due to asymptomatic cases and insufficient diagnostic testing in some countries. Globally, roughly 45% of reported cases and 59% of reported deaths were in Europe. The United States accounted for 32% of reported cases and 26% of reported deaths worldwide. While current diagnostic supplies are insufficient to meet global demand, scientists are creating tests that are cheaper, more easily administered, and provide faster diagnosis. Several have been authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and other global regulatory bodies. No specific treatments or vaccines for COVID-19 exist. As of May 7, roughly 200 COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccines were in development globally, including 123 candidate vaccines. Through Operation Warp Speed, the Trump Administration has identified 14 candidate vaccines for accelerated development. Globally, at least eight groups have launched safety trials of vaccine candidates, including in the United States, the United Kingdom, and China. Some hope that a COVID-19 vaccine would be available by fall 2020, though experts caution sufficient supplies of the vaccines will not likely meet global need for several years. Figure I. Number of Confirmed COVID- 19 Cases Reported in the Past Seven Days (May I-May 7, 2020) Source: WHO, CO VID-I 9 Situation Report - 108, May 7, 2020.

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