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1 (January 29, 2001)

handle is hein.crs/crsmthaagwb0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Order Code 98-156 GOV Updated January 29, 2001 The Presidential Veto and Congressional Procedure Gary L. Galemore Analyst in American National Government Government and Finance Division Summary Vetoes cast by the President represent a rejection of the will and intent of the majority in Congress as expressed in legislation. Presidential vetoes, and veto overrides, are often the reason for, or a reflection of, serious conflict between Congress and the President. The threat of a presidential veto can prompt the modification of bills moving through the legislative process. When appropriations measures are vetoed and Congress and the President cannot come to an agreement, the result can be the closure of federal agencies and the shutdown of federal programs and services. Historically, 1,484 bills have been vetoed by Presidents, while another 1,066 have experienced a pocket veto. Only 7.2%, or 106, of the 1,484 regular vetoes have been overridden by Congress. If pocket vetoes are included with regular vetoes, Congress has overturned only 4.2% of all presidential vetoes, see CRS Report 98-157, Congressional Overrides of Presidential Vetoes, CRS Report 98-148, Presidential Vetoes, 1789- Present: A Summary Overview, and CRS Report 98-147, President Clinton's Vetoes. All veto reports are updated regularly. Veto Process When presented with legislation passed by both houses of Congress, the President may sign it into law within the 10-day period prescribed in the Constitution (Article I, Section 7), let it become law without his signature, or veto the bill. All bills and joint resolutions, except those proposing amendments to the Constitution, require the President's approval before they become law. Amendments to the Constitution, which require a two-thirds vote of approval in each chamber, are sent directly to the states for ratification. When Congress is in session, the President must exercise his veto within the prescribed 10-day period and return the rejected bill to Congress with the reasons for his veto. If the President neither signs nor vetoes legislation sent to him, it will become law Congressional Research Service The Library of Congress CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web

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