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1 1 (2020)

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Commentary: Supreme Court Cases


Monasky   v. Taglieri, 140 S. Ct. 719 (2020)

                                    Habitual Residence:   Standards  for Initial
    Other Supreme Court Cases  Determination and Appellate Review

  Lozano v. Alvarez,
  134 S. Ct. 1224 (2014)      The United States Supreme Court resolved a cir-
                                    cuit split on the issue of habitual residence and
  Chafin v. Chafin,           set forth the standard for   appellate review.
  133 S. Ct. 1017 (2013)

  Abbott v. Abbott,                 Holdings
  560 U.S. 1 (2010)
                                    When  making a finding concerning habitual resi-
                                    dence under the 1980 Hague Convention, courts
must look to the totality of the circumstances specific to the case and not to any actual
agreement  between the parents concerning where to raise the child. A court's determi-
nation of habitual residence under the 1980 Hague Convention is subject to a deferential
clear-error standard of review.

Facts

Two  years after their marriage in the United States, the mother and father in this case
moved  to Milan, Italy, for their careers. During their first year in Milan, the couple's rela-
tionship deteriorated. The mother became pregnant about one year after they moved to
Italy. Shortly thereafter, the father obtained a new job in Lugo, a city about three hours
away. The mother  remained in Milan. Although she considered returning to the United
States, she and the father made preparations to take care of the child in Italy. The couple
acquired a larger apartment in Milan, inquired about childcare, and made purchases for
the needs of their child in Italy.

The child was born in February 2015; shortly after the birth, the mother informed the
father that she wanted a divorce and that she planned to return to the United States.
Nevertheless, the mother agreed that she and the child would join the father in Lugo.
When  the child was six weeks old, an argument between the parents precipitated the
mother and child's move to a safe house. The mother's written statement to the police
reported that the father had abused her and that she feared for her life. Two weeks later,
the mother and child left Italy and relocated to Ohio to live with the mother's parents.

The father obtained an order from the Italian court terminating the mother's parental rights,
and he commenced   proceedings in federal court in the United States for the return of the
child under the 1980 Hague Convention.

Proceedings  in the District Court for Northern District of Ohio. The district court
granted the father's petition for return of the child to Italy. The court found that the child
was too young to become  acclimatized and relied on the parents' shared intent to live in
Italy. The court noted that the mother had no definite plans to raise the child in the United


Commentary-Monasky  v. Taglieri


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