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50 Va. J. Int'l L. 219 (2009-2010)
Gay Rights in Uganda: Seeking to Overturn Uganda's Anti-Sodomy Laws

handle is hein.journals/vajint50 and id is 221 raw text is: I         NOTE           I
Gay Rights in Uganda: Seeking to Overturn
Uganda's Anti-Sodomy Laws
MICHAEL HOLLANDER*
Introduction  .......................................................................................... 220
I.     History of the Anti-Sodomy Laws ............................................ 225
II.    International Treaties ................................................................. 226
A. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.. 229
1.  Toonen    v. A ustralia  ...................................................... 230
2. Opinion of the United Nations Working Group on
Arbitrary Detention Regarding the Detention of
Homosexuals in Cameroon .......................................... 232
B. The International Covenant on Economic, Social, and
C ultural  R ights  ................................................................... 232
C. The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights ......... 234
III.   Emerging International Consensus ............................................ 235
A. European Convention on Human Rights ............................ 238
1. Dudgeon v. United Kingdom of Great Britain and
N orthern  Ireland  ........................................................... 240
2.   K arn er  v. A ustria  .......................................................... 241
3.  L . &   V . v. A ustria ......................................................... 242
4.   M odinos  v. Cyprus ....................................................... 243
B .  South  A frica  ....................................................................... 244
* Skadden Fellow and Staff Attorney in the Employment Unit of Community Legal Services,
Inc., Philadelphia. This Note was originally written as a student research project while a member
of the Cowan Fellows Human Rights Study Project at the University of Virginia School of Law.
A very special thanks to Anne Coughlin for her advice and help writing the paper, and to all of
the activists, government officials, and other individuals who gave their time, candid thoughts,
and hospitality while I was traveling in Uganda. This work represents the author's original
thoughts and is not meant to convey the position of any group with which the author is affiliated.

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