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26 Minn. J. Int'l L. 189 (2017)
(Re)Discovering Duties: Individual Responsibilities in the Age of Rights

handle is hein.journals/mjgt26 and id is 193 raw text is: Article (Re)discovering Duties: Individual Responsibilities in the Age of Rights Fernando Berdion Del Valle and Kathryn Sikkink* There cannot be 'innate' rights in any other sense than that in which there are innate duties, of which, however, much less has been heard. I L INTRODUCTION: WHAT HAPPENED TO DUTIES? Human rights are, simultaneously, legal, moral, and political claims.2 Equally important, however, is the fact that human rights are fundamentally claims about relationships.3 To have any practical meaning, human rights must be recognized * We thank Zachary Kaufman, Gerald L. Neuman, Samuel Moyn, Antje Vetterlein, and Christopher Roberts for their comments and suggestions on earlier versions of this paper. Participants in workshops at the University of Minnesota Law School on The State of the Field: Challenges and Opportunities in the Study of Human Rights, and at the University of Michigan Law School on Human Rights: Theory and Practice, also provided useful comments and feedback; in particular we thank Zacharay Elkins, Barbara Frey, Stephen Meili, Julian Ku, Fionnuala Ni Aoldin, Christopher McCrudden, Steven Ratner, Christopher Roberts, Joachim Savlesberg, Rebecca Scott, Kiyoteru Tsutsui, Jeremy Waldron, and David Weissbrodt. We also thank Daniel Severson, Becca Donaldson, and Elizabeth Hadaway for helpful suggestions and comments. Finally, we wish to thank Jessica Tueller, Brooke Coe, Grayson Fuller, and Giovanna Robledo for their research assistance. 1. See THOMAS HILL GREEN & PAUL HARRIS, LECTURES ON THE PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL OBLIGATION AND OTHER WRITINGS 28 (Paul Harris & John Morrow eds., 1986). 2. See TONY EVANS, US HEGEMONY AND THE PROJECT OF UNIVERSAL HUMAN RIGHTS 3, 7 (1996). 3. See LouIs HENKIN, THE AGE OF RIGHTS 2 (1990); CHRISTOPHER N. J. ROBERTS, THE CONTENTIOUS HISTORY OF THE INTERNATIONAL BILL OF HUMAN RIGHTS 122 (2015); Siegfried Schieder, Pragmatism as a Path Towards a Discursive and Open Theory of International Law, 11 EUR. J. INT'L L. 663, 686- 90 (2000). 189

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