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29 ILSA J. Int'l & Comp. L. 63 (2022-2023)
International Law and Impunity against Journalists in Africa

handle is hein.journals/ilsaic29 and id is 73 raw text is: INTERNATIONAL LAW AND IMPUNITY AGAINST JOURNALISTS IN AFRICA John Mukum Mbaku* I. INTRODUCTION................................................................... 64 II. THE INTERNATIONAL LAW AND THREATS AGAINST JOURNALISTS AND THE M EDIA ...................................................... 72 III. ATTACKS ON MEDIA FREEDOM AND THREATS AGAINST JOURNALISTS IN AFRICA ............................................................... 84 IV. USING INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW TO PROTECT JOURNALISTS AND MEDIA RIGHTS IN AFRICA ................................ 91 V. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ZONGO DECISION TO THE RIGHTS OF JOURNALISTS AND MEDIA FREEDOM IN AFRICA ............................... 113 VI. CHALLENGES TO THE CONTINUED VIABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF THE AFRICAN HUMAN RIGHTS COURT.............. 118 VII. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION............................................... 126 John Mukum Mbaku* ABSTRACT Even before COVID-19 became a global pandemic, journalists and other media workers had been subjected to extremely harsh treatment and various forms of censorship, including the most brutal form, assassination. Although their rights are guaranteed by international and regional human rights instruments and national laws, journalists remain susceptible to various forms of violence. International and regional human rights instruments (e.g., the UDHR, the ICCPR, and the Banjul Charter) impose obligations on States Parties to ensure respect for the rights of journalists, including their right to life. In the case where state- or non-state actors commit atrocities against journalists and other media workers, States Parties are required to expeditiously and thoroughly investigate each incident and prosecute the perpetrators. Unfortunately, due to political interference with the judiciary system; corruption; intimidation ofpolice, prosecutors, judges,

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