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12 Colum. J. Race & L. 557 (2022)
Adoption Cannot Be Reformed

handle is hein.journals/cjoral12 and id is 137 raw text is: COLUMBIA JOURNAL OF RACE AND LAW VOL. 12 JULY 2022 NO. 1 ADOPTION CANNOT BE REFORMED Ashley Albert* & Amy Mulzert I. In tro d u ction .......................................................................................5 5 8 II. Adoption as Family Regulation ........................................................564 A. Child-Saving and the Creating of Legal Adoption ....................566 B. Georgia Tann and the Development of Sealed Records ............570 C. The Baby Scoop Era ................................................................572 D. The Rise of Transracial Adoption, the Modern Family Regulation System, and the Permanency Ideal......................574 1. The Indian Adoption Project ..............................................574 2. The Adoption of Black Children and the Development of the Modern Family Regulation System .........................575 3. ASFA and Adoption as Permanency ...............................578 E. The Present Day ........................................................................581 III. The Harms of Adoption .....................................................................585 IV. Reform is Not Enough.......................................................................589 V. Conclusion: Broadening Our Vision..................................................598 * Ashley Albert is an activist and advocate in Burien, WA, where she lives with her oldest son. She is a member of the steering committee for the Repeal ASFA campaign; a board member of the Pacific Northwest Alternative Peer Group; and a member of the Birth Parent National Network. She is also the former Parent Engagement Coordinator for the Washington State Parents 4 Parents program and has served as a facilitator for the Washington State parent advocacy committee. Ashley's mother's parental rights to her were terminated. and Ashley grew up in the foster system. Faced with a termination of parental rights petition as to her two youngest children, Ashley entered into a conditional surrender of her rights and later became one of the first parents in Washington state to successfully enforce and modify a post-adoption contact agreement. Thanks to God, Dorothy Roberts, my co-author, and the Symposium organizers for the opportunity to co-author two papers that allow me to tell the exact truth of the harms that my mother, myself and so many black women continue to reap the consequences from. Thanks to the Repeal ASFA steering committee, JMac4Families, Movement for Family Power, the WA State Coalition Against Domestic Violence, and the Jaspr Health Evidence Based Practice Institute. Thanks to my deceased sister Angel Pruitt, who survives through me; to my grandma for raising me and not giving me up; and to Dr. Linda Dimeff and Margaret Hobart. Last but not least, thank you to my children Ronald, Andre, and Tyonni for loving me and being so worth fighting for. t Amy Mulzer is a senior staff attorney for law and appeals in the Family Defense Practice at Brooklyn Defender Services. She is the parent of two children through private, domestic adoption and a former kinship foster parent to a third. Thanks to Ashley Albert for allowing me to write this piece with her and for our many great conversations; to Hannah Roman, Sarah Lorr, and Katie Weng for their very helpful comments on prior drafts; and to my clients and colleagues for always keeping up the fight. And to my children, their siblings, and their mothers thank you for forgiving my (many) failures.

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