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25 B. C. Int'l Comp. L. Rev. 109 (2002)
Austria: The 1999 Parliamentary Elections and the European Union Members' Sanctions

handle is hein.journals/bcic25 and id is 115 raw text is: AUSTRIA: THE 1999 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS AND THE EUROPEAN UNION MEMBERS' SANCTIONS HEATHER BERIT FREEMAN* Abstract: The 1999 parliamentary elections in Austria sparked a fire of controversy in the European Union. Led by the far-right activist Joerg Haider, the Freedom Party achieved a second place victory, causing leaders and activists to voice their concerns about Austria's future. Acting on that apprehension, the individual members of the European Union joined together to issue diplomatic sanctions against Austria, an unprecedented action. When the sanctions were lifted in September, 2000, the European Union was left to reexamine its role and to determine whether to amend its founding treaties to reflect any changes in the relationship between the government of the European Union and its Member States. INTRODUCTION Xenophobia Triumphs in Austria's Historic Poll, Far Right Tears up Austria's Political Turf, Rightist Party Gains in Austrian Elections, the headlines of the world's major papers screamed on October 4, 1999, the morning after the far-right Freedom Party (FPO), led by the charismatic and controversial Joerg Haider, placed second in Austria's parliamentary elections, shocking observers across Europe and throughout the world.1 Garnering 27.3% of the elector- ate, the FPO edged ahead of the Austrian People's Party (OVP) to claim second place, throwing into disarray a coalition government that had been dominated by the center-right OVP and the center-left * Heather Benit Freeman is an Executive Editor for the Boston College International & Comparative Law Review. 1 Alex Blair, Xenophobia Tiumphs in Austria's Historic PoU, THE SCOTSMAN, Oct. 4, 1999, at 9, available at LEXIS, News Library, Major Newspapers File; William Drozdiak, Rightist Party Gains in Austrian Elections, WASH. POST, Oct. 4, 1999, at A16, available at LEXIS, News Library, Major Newspapers File; CarolJ. Williams, Far Right Tears Up Austria's Political Tuf, LA Tiaas, Oct. 4, 1999, at Al, available atLEXIS, News Library, Major Newspapers File.

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