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104 Harv. L. Rev. 1731 (1990-1991)
New Law, Non-Retroactivity, and Constitutional Remedies

handle is hein.journals/hlr104 and id is 1749 raw text is: VOLUME 104 JUNE 1991 NUMBER 8 IHARVARD LAW REVIEWj NEW LAW, NON-RETROACTIVITY, AND CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES Richard H. Fallon, Jr. and Daniel J. Meltzer TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION ........................................................... 1733 I. THE SUPREME COURT'S TREATMENT OF NEW LAW AS A BASIS FOR DENYING RELIEF IN CONSTITUTIONAL CASES ......................................... 1738 A. Retroactivity in Criminal Cases ......................................... 1738 z. The Warren Court's Approach ........................................ 1738 2. The Rehnquist Court's Reformulation .................................. 1744 (a) Griffith and Direct Review ....................................... 1744 (b) Teague and Federal Habeas Corpus ............................... 1746 B. Qualified Immunity in Constitutional Tort Actions ......................... 1749 C. Tax Refund Litigation .................................................. 1753 II. THE JURISPRUDENCE OF NOVELTY AND PREDICTABILITY ...................... 1758 A. The Two Senses of New Law ............................................ 1758 z. Is Law Made or Found? ............................................. 1758 2. New Law as Unpredictability ........................................ 1763 B. The Relevance of Newness and the Law of Remedies ....................... 1764 x. The Attractiveness of a Remedial Framework ........................... 1764 2. Stare Decisis versus Remedial Discretion .............................. 1767 3. The Remedial Model and the Obligations of Enforcement Courts .......... 1770 I. TOWARD A THEORY OF CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES .......................... 1777 A. Rights and Remedies in the Constitutional Tradition ...................... 1779 z. Rights Without Remedies ............................................ 1779 2. Remedies in the Constitutional Scheme ................................ 1786 B. General Principles ..................................................... 1787 C. The Role of New Law in a Remedial Calculus ............................ 1791 D. The Relevance of Article III ............................................ 1797 IV. THE THEORY APPLIED .................................................... 1807 A. Criminal Procedure Decisions ........................................... 1807 z. Cases on Direct Review ............................................. 1807 (a) The Degree of Unpredictability .................................... 1807 (b) The Nature and Purpose of the Right .............................. i8o8 (c) Disruption of the Administration of Justice ......................... 18o9 '73'

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