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18 Urb. L. Ann. 197 (1980)
Residency Requirments for City Employees: Important Incentives in Today's Urban Crisis

handle is hein.journals/waucl18 and id is 201 raw text is: RESIDENCY REQUIREMENTS FOR CITY EMPLOYEES: IMPORTANT INCENTIVES IN TODAY'S URBAN CRISIS Connie M. Hager* Two hundred years after colonization, the United States continues to be a remarkably mobile society. Migration patterns, as well as public reaction to the gasoline shortage, make it apparent that Ameri- cans appreciate and cherish their right to travel throughout the coun- try. This constant redistribution of the population is far from random, however. While demonstrating the so-called right each person has to live where he chooses, Americans are abandoning the central cities in ever-increasing numbers.' Since free movement of persons has developed into a constitution- ally protected fundamental right to travel,' few legal restrictions may Attorney, Team Four, Inc., St. Louis, Mo.; B.A., University of Missouri at St. Louis, 1976., J.D., Washington University, 1979. 1. According to statistics, Americans no longer wish to live in the central cities but prefer suburbia. During the 1960's, the central cities gained 5.3% in population while the surrounding areas grew by 28.2%. Only the population of nine of the 20 largest cities increased during the decade. Except for New York, which showed a 1% gain, all of the major cities of the North and East lost more residents than they added. For a fine summary of this trend, see Costello, The Future of the City in EDITORIAL RE- SEARCH REPORTS ON THE FUTURE OF THE CITY 3-7 (1974). 2 Although the courts have recognized a constitutional right to travel for many years, the source of that right remains unclear. In the Passengers Cases, 48 U.S. (7 How.) 283 (1849), the Supreme Court traced the right to the commerce clause; in Ward v. Maryland, 789 U.S. (12 Wall.) 418 (1870), to the privileges and immunities clause: in Kent v. Dulles, 357 U.S. 116 (1958) to the Fifth Amendment; and to no particular constitutional provision in Shapiro v. Thompson, 394 U.S. 618 (1969). For

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