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34 Stan. J. Int'l L. 75 (1998)
The Emergence of a New Dog of War: Private International Security Companies, International Law, and the New World Disorder

handle is hein.journals/stanit34 and id is 81 raw text is: The Emergence of a New Dog
of War: Private International
Security Companies,
International Law, and the New
World Disorder
JUAN CARLOS ZARATE*
War is not polite recreation but the vilest thing in life, and we ought to
understand that and not play at war. Our attitude towards the fearful
necessity of war ought to be stern and serious.
LEO TOLSTOY
I.  INTRODUCTION
The end of the Cold War produced dramatic changes in the
complexion of international relations and in the evolution of inter-
national law.' The demise of the Soviet Union and the fall of communist
regimes in Eastern Europe unleashed long-suppressed ethnic rivalries
and historic conflicts resulting in low-scale wars, most notably evidenced
* Federal Law Clerk, Southern District of California. J.D., Harvard Law School, 1997, B.A.,
Harvard University, 1993. My thanks to the following people who shared their time and
expertise with me in the preparation of this Article: Professor Abram Chayes, Professor Herbert
Howe, Ambassador James Pardew, Mr. Chuck Franklin, General Ed Soyster, Colonel Chris
Gildenhuys, Mr. Adam Lifshey, Mr. Mark P. Poncy, Jr., Ms. Kathleen Heffron, and State
Department officials in the South Africa and South Asia desks, Politico-Military Affairs, Legal
Affairs, ATEC, and ISP offices. Thanks to Major and Mrs. James Kurt Vogel, Jr., for their loving
hospitality in Alexandria, Virginia, and to my family and Cynthia Millsap for their unconditional
love and support.
1 Many authors have analyzed the disintegration of the bipolar international security
system. See, e.g., Joseph S. Nye, Jr., Peering into the Future, FOREIGN AFF. Jul./Aug. 1994 at 82, 87.
According to Nye, the Cold War dynamic has evolved into a complex power structure similar to a
three-dimensional chess game. At the top level is a military board which is unipolar and
dominated by the United States. In the middle is an economic board on which three blocs-the
United States, Japan, and the European Union-dictate the terms of the world economy. The
bottom level consists of diverse transnational relationships outside the control of governments,
including terrorism, environmental degradation, financial flows, and drug trafficking. See i. at
87.
75
34 STAN.J. INT'L L. 75 (1998)

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