Freedom of Navigation, Environmental Protection, and Compulsory Pilotage in Straits Used for International Navigation
![handle is hein.journals/naval61 and id is 140 raw text is: FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, AND
COMPULSORY PILOTAGE IN STRAITS
USED FOR INTERNATIONAL
NAVIGATION
Lieutenant Commander Jeanine B. Womble, JAGC, USN*
I. Introduction
Famously referred to as a constitution for the oceans,1 the United
Nations Convention on Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) endeavors to coherently
bring together the multitude of issues concerning the world's oceans into a
single framework international instrument.2 The convention's preamble is
evidence of the careful balance required to bring together parties with often
divergent priorities:
[E]stablishing through this convention, with due regard for the
sovereignty of all States, a legal order for the seas and oceans
which will facilitate international communication, and will
promote the peaceful uses of the seas and oceans, the equitable
and efficient utilization of their resources, the conservation of
their living resources, and the study, protection and
preservation of the marine environment ....'
Lieutenant Commander Womble is a judge advocate in the U. S. Navy, presently assigned as a
Senior Trial Counsel at the Navy Litigation Office, Washington Navy Yard, D.C. She earned a
bachelor of arts degree from Bryn Mawr College in 1997, a doctor of jurisprudence degree from
Florida State University College of law in 2004, and a master of laws degree from The George
Washington University Law School in 2010. She is licensed to practice law in the Commonwealth
of Virginia. This paper was submitted in partial completion of George Washington University Law
School's requirements for the master of laws degree in environmental law. The views expressed
herein are solely those of the author and do not reflect the official positions of the Department of
Defense or the Department of the Navy.
Official Records of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, 1 th Sess., 185th
plen. mtg. (Vol. XVII) at 13, U.N. Doc. A/CONF.62/SR.185, 47 (6 Dec. 1982), availahble at
http://untreaty.un.org/cod/diplomaticconferences/lawofthesea-1982/docs/vol XVII/a conf-62 sr-
185.pdf.
2 See id
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea pmbl., Dec. 10, 1982, 1833 U.N.T.S 3
[hereinafter UNCLOS].](ViewImageLocal?handle=hein.journals/naval61&div=8&collection=&method=preview&ext=.png&size=3)
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Freedom of Navigation, Environmental Protection, and Compulsory Pilotage in Straits Used for International Navigation
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